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Anatomy and Physiology > Appendicular Skeleton > Flashcards

Appendicular Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

Tendons

A

“Ties” muscle to bone

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2
Q

Ligaments

A

“Links” bone to bone or tissue to tissue

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3
Q

Brachium

A

Upper arm

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4
Q

Antebrachium

A

Lower arm/forearm

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5
Q

Scapula

A

Articulates with the head of the humerus

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6
Q

Scapulohumoral joint

A

“Shoulder joint”

Head of humerus into the glenoid cavity

Synovial joint

Diarthroses or freely movable

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7
Q

Humerus

A 
Made up of the:
Greater tubercle
Head of the humerus
Lesser tubercle
Distal tuberosity
Olecranon fossa

The distal end of the humerus is articulates with the radius and ulna closely

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8
Q

Humerus

Greater tubercle of the humerus

A

On the lateral end of the humerus

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9
Q

Humerus

Head of the humerus

A

Always faces caudally

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10
Q

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

A

On the medial side

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11
Q

Supratrochlear foramen

A

Foramina located in the olecranon fossa

Some dogs may have it

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12
Q

Supracondylar foramen

A

Located on the medial side of the humerus

Medial nerves and brachial vessels pass through

Only in felines

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13
Q

Elbow joint

A

Formed by the humerus and the radius/ulna

The anconeal process of the ulna inserts itself into the olecranon fossa and supratrochlear foramen

Cartilaginous joint, hinge joint

Extension and flexion, amphiarthroses

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14
Q

Radius and ulna

Proximal ends

A

Th radius is always in the lateral side of the arm

The ulna is on the medial side

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15
Q

Radius and ulna

The distal end

A

The radius is in the medial end

The ulna is on the lateral end

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16
Q

Radius

A

The forearm’s main weight bearing bone

Does not form any part of the elbow except for the joint

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17
Q

Ulna

A

Forms the olecranon process or the elbow projection

The main bone of the forearm involved with elbow movement

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18
Q

Carpus

A

Dogs and cats have 7

Two rows of bones

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19
Q

Accessory carpal bone

A

Dogs and cats

Protruding carpal bone on the caudal end

20
Q

Metacarpus and metatarsals

A

Each toe is a digit

Each digit is accompanied by a metacarpal bone

There are three phalanges in each digit

The first digit is the dewclaw

21
Q

Phalanges

A

Three:
Proximal phalanx
Middle or intermediate phalanx
Distal phalanx

22
Q

Dewclaw

A

First digit

Only has two phalanges, the middle phalanx is absent

14 phalanges in each limb

23
Q

Pelvis

A

3 major parts:

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

When palpating a hip the two points that can be felt are the wing of the ilium (dorsal) and the greater trochanter of the femur (ventrolateral)

24
Q

Pelvic symphysis

A

Joins the pubis

Partially moveable

Cartilaginous joint

Amphiarthroses

25
Q

Obturator foramen

A

2 large foramen between the pubis and the ischium

Reduce weight on the pelvis

A passage for vessels and nerves

26
Q

Hip joint

A

Acetabulofemoral joint or the coxofemoral joint

Formed by the femoral head and the acetabulum of the pelvis

Ball and socket joint, allows for all six types of movement, synovial joint

Diarthroses

27
Q

Femur

A

Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Femoral head
Condyles

Distal part is part of the stifle joint

28
Q

Greater trochanter of the femur

A

Always on the lateral side

29
Q

Lesser trochanter of the femur

A

Always on the medial side

30
Q

Femoral head

A

Always faces medial

31
Q

Femoral condyles

A

Always on the caudal side

32
Q

Stifle joint

A

Synovial joint

Diarthroses or freely moveable

Includes the following:
Distal end of the femur, patella, proximal end of the tibia

Ligaments prevent overextending, torquing and shunting
Meniscus acts as a shock absorber between the tibia and femur

33
Q

Sesamoids of the stifle

A

Patella: largest sesamoid bone

Located in the cranial portion of the distal femur

Fabella located in the caudal end of the distal femur

34
Q

Tibia

A

Always on the medial side

Aka “shinbone”

Main weight-bearing bone of the hindlimb

Connects with the femur

35
Q

Fibula

A

Always on the lateral side

Serves as a site for muscle attachment

36
Q

Malleolus

A

Formed from the distal ends of the tibia/fibula

“Knobs” of the ankle

37
Q

Medial malleolus

A

found on tibia

38
Q

Lateral malleolus

A

found on the fibula

39
Q

Hock joint

A

Includes the distal tibia, distal fibula and tarsus

Gliding joint

Movement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction

40
Q

Tarsus

A

Includes two bones: the calcaneus and the talus

Rest of tarsal bones have numerical identification

Composed of rows of short bones

41
Q

Calcaneus

A

Bone that forms the heel

Found on the lateral end of the hind limb

43
Q

Talus

A

Large bone that articulates with the tibia bone

43
Q

Metatarsus and phalanges

A

Practically identical to the forelimb

Most animals only have four digits on their hind limbs

45
Q

Visceral joints

Os cordials

A

Bone found in the heart of sheep and cattle that supports the heart valves

45
Q

Visceral joints

Os penis

A

Penile bone found in dogs, beavers, and raccoons

46
Q

Viseral joints

Os rostri

A

Nasal bone found in pigs that strengthens the snout for rooting purposes

Anatomy and Physiology (36 decks)

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