Respiratory System

Question 1

Air passes through a number of structures in a specific order

Answer 1

External nares
Turbinates 
Nasal meatus
Sinuses
Internal nares
Nasopharynx

Question 2

Nasal meatus

Answer 2

• Spaces that make up the convoluted passageways between the bony turbinates
• formed by mucous membranes that cover turbinates

Question 3

Nasal cavity

Answer 3

Can efficiently warm, humidify, and filter any air that passes through the meatus

Question 4

Sinuses

Answer 4

Provide a consistent supply of surface mucus that helps protect the nasal cavity from debris and pathogens

Question 5

Pharynx

Answer 5

Divided into three sections
Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 6

Nasopharynx

Answer 6

the pharynx formed by the nasal cavity

Separated from the oropharynx by the soft palate

Question 7

Oropharynx

Answer 7

the pharynx formed by the oral cavity

Separated from the nasopharynx by the soft palate

Question 8

Laryngopharynx

Answer 8

the pharynx formed by the nasopharynx and the oropharynx

surrounds the upper larynx

Question 9

Larynx

Answer 9

Made up of the epiglottis and glottis

The initial structure of the trachea

Question 10

3 major functions of the larynx

Answer 10

Vocal production (glottis)
Prevention of foreign object inhalation (epiglottis)
Control of ait intake (glottis and epiglottis)

Question 11

Epiglottis

Answer 11

Opens during respiration
Closes during ingestion
Controlling what actually enters the lungs
opens cranioventrally

Question 12

Glottis

Answer 12

Opening between the two vocal chords
Leads to the trachea
used for maintaining thoracic pressure

Question 13

Trachea

Answer 13

terminating structure of the upper respiratory tract
As it travels down the body it splits into two parts
Bifurcation is the physical splitting
lies ventral to the esophagus

Question 14

Trachea histology

Answer 14

Main structure made up of Hyaline cartilage

Inner mucosa made up of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Question 15

Bronchial tree

Answer 15

a continuation of the trachea into the lungs as it becomes small enough to exchange gases

Question 16

Bronchodilation

Answer 16

dilation of the bronchial tree

Question 17

Bronchoconstriction

Answer 17

Constriction of the bronchial tree

Question 18

In order after the bifurcation of the trachea

Answer 18

Left and right primary bronchi
Secondary bronchi
Bronchiole
Alveolar ducts
Alveolar sacs
Alveoli

Question 19

Alveoli

Answer 19

Terminal structure of the respiratory system

Where gas exchange occurs

Question 20

Pleura

Answer 20

Serous membranes of the lungs

Question 21

Pleural membranes

Answer 21

Visceral pleura
Parietal pleura
Together form the pleural cavity

Question 22

Visceral pleura

Answer 22

The layer of the pleura in contact with the lungs

Question 23

Parietal pleura

Answer 23

A layer of the pleura that is on the opposite external side of the visceral pleura

Question 24

Pleural effusion

Answer 24

Excessive fluid build-up within the pleural space

Question 25

Pulmonary edema

Answer 25

fluid buildup within the alveolar spaces

Question 26

Pressure

Answer 26

the thoracic cavity is negative pressure because air rushes in

Question 27

three major muscles of respiration

Answer 27

Diaphragm
Internal intercostals
External intercostals

Question 28

Diaphragm

Answer 28

separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity
concaves towards the lungs
projects caudally during respiration
relaxes back to its original shape during expiration

Question 29

Inspiration

Answer 29

Epiglottis and glottis open
Diaphragm projects caudally
External intercostals help expand the ribs

Question 30

Expiration

Answer 30

Epiglottis and glottis opens
Diaphragm relaxes and projects cranially
External intercostals relax while the intercostals contract to reduce the size of the ribcage