Virology Flashcards
What form of a virus is more stable?
naked virus
Where must enveloped viruses be?
need an animal host
Where can you find naked viruses?
in the stomach, since they can survive more environments than enveloped viruses
What type of genome has more proofreading ability?
DNA viruses
What type of virus is harder to make vaccines for?
RNA viruses due to their high mutation rate
Tropism
receptors are different in different tissues and in different species
so, since viruses only engage specific receptors, they might be found in different tissues in same host
Two reasons virsues can mutate rapidly
Low proofreading
Short genome (undergo more replication)
Why do you need a new flu shot each year?
Antigenic drift
Antigenic shift
mixing of virus (often between species) due to segmented reassortment
Why was it hard for host to identify Sars-CoV-2?
had deletions in spike protein that antibodies could not detect
can’t detect something that is not there
Zoonosis
disease in animals can mutate and become human disease
Why do reinfections occur w/ RSV?
has many mutations which makes making a vaccine harder (antigenic drift)
Difference between live and killed vaccine
Live uses an inactive strain and offers long lasting protection
Killed has no risk for infection but requires a booster
What type of virus uses reverse transcriptase?
retroviruses
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
found in RNA viruses
allows you to synthesis a complementary strand of RNA directly from RNA
