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Fundamentals 1 > Histology Review > Flashcards

Histology Review Flashcards

1
Q

How does collagen stain?

A

pink / eosinophilic

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2
Q

Irregular vs. regular connective tissue

A

Regular is much more uniformly arranged (you can easily tell difference)

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3
Q

Serous vs. mucinous acini

A

Serous stain much darker and more eosinophilic

Mucinous are light as their myoepithelial layer is smushed

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4
Q

What do all acini contain?

A

2 layers (luminal + myoepithelial)

can be harder to see layers with mucinous

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5
Q

Exocrine vs. endocrine glands

A

exocrine glands secrete into duct

endocrine glands secrete directly into blood vessels

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6
Q

Where are venous sinuses found? What are they?

A

in the red pulp of the spleen

barrel-shaped, dilated vascular spaces whose endothelial cells are separated by slits that filter RBCs

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7
Q

What is the pathway of blood flow through the spleen?

A

Splenic artery
Central artery
White pulp
Red pulp
Venous sinuses
Splenic vein

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8
Q

White pulp of spleen

A

looks like a germinal center

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9
Q

Red pulp of spleen

A

surrounds the germinal centers

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10
Q

What are branches of central artery that runs through spleen?

A

trabeculae

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11
Q

What is the muscularis externa in the gut?

A

smooth muscle

(not skeletal muscle)

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12
Q

Where are blood vessels found in the digestive tract?

A

in the submucosa

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13
Q

Where is adventita found? Specific structure

A

duodenum

*other portions of gut normally have serosa

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14
Q

Transitional epithelia

A

found in bladder

looks like stratified

umbrella cells at top can help you differentiate

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15
Q

What type of cells line blood vessels?

A

simple squamous

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16
Q

What type of cells line ducts?

A

simple cuboidal cells

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17
Q

Features of DCIS

A

luminal necrosis with no invasion through basement membrane

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18
Q

How can you tell the conducting passageway vs. respiratory passageway ?

A

conducting pathways are thicker (pseudostratified)

respiratory pathways are more single file

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19
Q

List the junctions as you move down cell

A

tight junction

adherens junction

desmosome

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20
Q

How can you tell a desmosome

A

normally at bottom of junction

thicker and has spider like projections

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21
Q

Intralobular stroma

A

surrounds the acini

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22
Q

Interlobular stroma

A

makes up most of breast

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23
Q

Where is adipose, lympathics and vessels of breast found?

A

in the interlobular stroma

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24
Q

Brunner’s glands (location + function)

A

only found in duodenum

gland in submucosa

secrete alkaline bicarb to neutralize stomach acid

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25
Q

Peyer’s patches

A

large, submucosal lymph nodes found in the ileum of small intestine

very hard to see

secrete lymphocytes

closely associated with M cells on epithelium

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26
Q

What are distinguishing features of the small intestine?

A

villi

finger-like projections

LARGE

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27
Q

What cell type makes up the villi?

A

simple columnar with microvilli brush border

lamina propria is inside the villi

28
Q

Where are most (not all) Goblet cells found?

A

in the large intestine

29
Q

How can you distinguish small from large intestine?

A

small intestine has large projections

large intestine may have some crypts, but not fingers (also has more goblet cells)

30
Q

metaplasia

A

change in differentiate cell type

31
Q

Where is metaplasia often seen?

A

in Barret’s esophagous

when simple columnar cells replace the normal simple stratified

32
Q

Mast cells (location, function + appearance)

A

found in loose connective tissues

secrete histamines

very stipled with very basophilic nucleus

33
Q

What makes up the submucosa ?

A

loose connective tissue

34
Q

What are 2 routes for lymphocytes to access lymph nodes?

A

Afferent lymphatic vessels (within lymph)

HEVs (from the blood)

35
Q

Where are HEVs found?

A

lymph nodes of tonsils

36
Q

Macrophages in the lungs

A

referred to as dust cells

are often in the air space

37
Q

Elastic fibers

A

important in the respiratory tract

provide recoil after each expansion of the alveoli from inhaled air to allow PASSIVE exhalation

38
Q

What type of cells make up respiratory portion of lung?

A

pneumocytes (type I and type II)

39
Q

pneumocyte type II

A

only one you can see on stain

secretes surfactant

40
Q

Breakdown of pancreatic cell function

A

90% of function is exocrine (secretes alkaline bicarbonate sodium into duodenum)

other function is endocrine (insulin + glucagon)

41
Q

What distinguishes the pancreas from the parotid gland?

A

Pancreas has islets of Langhorn

42
Q

What do lymphocytes look like on stain?

A

small, basically a black dot

43
Q

Distinguishing feature of macrophages on stain

A

large

kidney shaped nucleus

44
Q

Distinguishing feature of neutrophils on stain

A

multi-lobed nuclei with pale pink cytoplasm

45
Q

Distinguishing feature of eosinophils in cytoplasm

A

stain pink

bilobed nucleus

46
Q

Distinguishing features of basophils

A

not often that you see them on smears

when you do, it looks like many blue stipples

47
Q

What type of tissue / collagen is common in dermis of skin?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

type I collagen

48
Q

What stains better brown or white adipose?

A

brown due to the eosinophilic mitochondria

49
Q

Where do macrophages migrate to?

A

connective tissue

50
Q

pleomorphic nuclei

A

sign of cancer

different size nuclei

51
Q

Where is type 1 collagen?

A

strong places

tendons, bones and dermis of skin

52
Q

Where is type II collagen?

A

cartilage

53
Q

Where is type III collagen?

A

lymphoid organsq

54
Q

Where is type IV collagen?

A

basement membrane

*can form sheets

55
Q

Where is colloid stored?

A

in the follicle of thyroid

56
Q

What does a healthy thyroid gland tissue look like?

A

good spacing of vessels

roughly equal sized follicles

57
Q

Nodular goiter features

A

extreme variation in follicle size

band of connective tissue is too dense

hemorrhage of RBCs

58
Q

Grave’s disease features

A

scalloped follicles with white border

hyperplasia also seen (do not focus on)

59
Q

Hashimoto’s disease features

A

high density of cells with geminal center (lymphoid tissue)

Hurthle cells

60
Q

Hurthle cell

A

seen in Hashimotos

dark cell

61
Q

Thyroid papillary carcinoma features

A

can see trails (papillary like extensions of cancer)

orphan annie cells (bright nucleus)

can also see calcification (dark cells)

62
Q

Parathyroid gland cell types (2)

A

chief cells and oxyphil cells

63
Q

Chief cells

A

make parathyroid hormone and regulate Ca2+

64
Q

Chief cells vs. oxyphil cells on stain

A

oxyphil are more eosinophilic

chief cells are more dense and whiter

65
Q

oncocytic change

A

oxyphils can overtake the chief cells

Fundamentals 1 (29 decks)

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