Bacteria Fundamentals Flashcards
Lipopolysaccharides are found on what type of bacteria?
gram negative
What type of bacteria are spores associated with?
gram positive
Where are lipoteichoic acids found?
in gram positive cell walls, generally
What drives immune response to gram positive bacteria?
lipoteichoic acids
What drives immune response to gram negative bacteria?
lipopolysaccharide
What are most cocci?
gram positive
What are most rods?
gram negative
What is an exception to rods being gram negative?
clostridium is a gram positive rod
Endotoxin
LPS
LTA
LOS
Exotoxin
some are super antigens which causes widespread T-cell response
Is a capsule a virulence factor?
yes, because it can increase a bacteria’s potency
Where is outer membrane found?
gram negative cells
Lipid A
unique to gram negative bacteria
Lipid A is endotoxin
Give example of 2 obligate intracellular cells
Chlamydiae and rickettsiae
How do bacteria divide?
binary fission
When is the optimal time to use antibiotics?
during the log phase
What is an essential nutrient for growth?
iron
Microaerophiles
aerobes requiring O2 but at lower concentrations
What type of environment must anaerobes live in?
low redox enviornment
O2 raises the redox potential which is too much for them
What medical conditions can lower the redox potential naturally, causing increased suspectibility for anaerobe infection?
circulatory problems
tight casts
antibiotic therapy
bite wounds
and more
Skin normal anaerobe
propionbacterium
Mouth normal anaerobe
P. gingivalis
Vagina normal anaerobe
lactobacilus
Colon normal anaerobe
bacteroides fragilis
Sporeforing rods that are gram-positive
Clostridium
Non-sporeforming gram-positive rods
Actinomyces
Non-sporeforming gram-negative rods
bacteroides
fusobacterium
Clostridial
exotoxin mediated
Noncloistridial
non-exotoxin mediated
What is abscess formation normally?
nonclostridial anaerobic infection
gram-negative
Microbiome
a community of microorganisms and the environment they occupy
Microbiota
a community of organisms that occupy a specific habitat
Metagenome
the collective genomes of a microbial community in a given community
Metatranscriptome
a snapshot of the gene expression in a given sample at a given moment and under specific conditions
Prebiotic
food compounds meant to stimulate groups of bacteria
polysaccharides
Probiotic
live microorganisms meant to supplement
Synbiotic
a mix of pre and pro biotics
FMT
fecal microbiota transplantation
was successful in treating C. Diff
Intra-individual variations
our own microbiota undergoes continous variations
Where is most of human microbiota?
the gut
