Bacteria Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

Lipopolysaccharides are found on what type of bacteria?

A

gram negative

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2
Q

What type of bacteria are spores associated with?

A

gram positive

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3
Q

Where are lipoteichoic acids found?

A

in gram positive cell walls, generally

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4
Q

What drives immune response to gram positive bacteria?

A

lipoteichoic acids

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5
Q

What drives immune response to gram negative bacteria?

A

lipopolysaccharide

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6
Q

What are most cocci?

A

gram positive

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7
Q

What are most rods?

A

gram negative

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8
Q

What is an exception to rods being gram negative?

A

clostridium is a gram positive rod

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9
Q

Endotoxin

A

LPS

LTA

LOS

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10
Q

Exotoxin

A

some are super antigens which causes widespread T-cell response

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11
Q

Is a capsule a virulence factor?

A

yes, because it can increase a bacteria’s potency

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Where is outer membrane found?

A

gram negative cells

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14
Q

Lipid A

A

unique to gram negative bacteria

Lipid A is endotoxin

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15
Q

Give example of 2 obligate intracellular cells

A

Chlamydiae and rickettsiae

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16
Q

How do bacteria divide?

A

binary fission

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17
Q

When is the optimal time to use antibiotics?

A

during the log phase

18
Q

What is an essential nutrient for growth?

19
Q

Microaerophiles

A

aerobes requiring O2 but at lower concentrations

20
Q

What type of environment must anaerobes live in?

A

low redox enviornment

O2 raises the redox potential which is too much for them

21
Q

What medical conditions can lower the redox potential naturally, causing increased suspectibility for anaerobe infection?

A

circulatory problems

tight casts

antibiotic therapy

bite wounds

and more

22
Q

Skin normal anaerobe

A

propionbacterium

23
Q

Mouth normal anaerobe

A

P. gingivalis

24
Q

Vagina normal anaerobe

A

lactobacilus

25
Colon normal anaerobe
bacteroides fragilis
26
Sporeforing rods that are gram-positive
Clostridium
27
Non-sporeforming gram-positive rods
Actinomyces
28
Non-sporeforming gram-negative rods
bacteroides fusobacterium
28
Clostridial
exotoxin mediated
29
Noncloistridial
non-exotoxin mediated
30
What is abscess formation normally?
nonclostridial anaerobic infection gram-negative
31
Microbiome
a community of microorganisms and the environment they occupy
32
Microbiota
a community of organisms that occupy a specific habitat
33
Metagenome
the collective genomes of a microbial community in a given community
34
Metatranscriptome
a snapshot of the gene expression in a given sample at a given moment and under specific conditions
35
Prebiotic
food compounds meant to stimulate groups of bacteria polysaccharides
36
Probiotic
live microorganisms meant to supplement
37
Synbiotic
a mix of pre and pro biotics
38
FMT
fecal microbiota transplantation was successful in treating C. Diff
39
Intra-individual variations
our own microbiota undergoes continous variations
40
Where is most of human microbiota?
the gut