Bacteria Fundamentals Flashcards
Lipopolysaccharides are found on what type of bacteria?
gram negative
What type of bacteria are spores associated with?
gram positive
Where are lipoteichoic acids found?
in gram positive cell walls, generally
What drives immune response to gram positive bacteria?
lipoteichoic acids
What drives immune response to gram negative bacteria?
lipopolysaccharide
What are most cocci?
gram positive
What are most rods?
gram negative
What is an exception to rods being gram negative?
clostridium is a gram positive rod
Endotoxin
LPS
LTA
LOS
Exotoxin
some are super antigens which causes widespread T-cell response
Is a capsule a virulence factor?
yes, because it can increase a bacteria’s potency
Where is outer membrane found?
gram negative cells
Lipid A
unique to gram negative bacteria
Lipid A is endotoxin
Give example of 2 obligate intracellular cells
Chlamydiae and rickettsiae
How do bacteria divide?
binary fission
When is the optimal time to use antibiotics?
during the log phase
What is an essential nutrient for growth?
iron
Microaerophiles
aerobes requiring O2 but at lower concentrations
What type of environment must anaerobes live in?
low redox enviornment
O2 raises the redox potential which is too much for them
What medical conditions can lower the redox potential naturally, causing increased suspectibility for anaerobe infection?
circulatory problems
tight casts
antibiotic therapy
bite wounds
and more
Skin normal anaerobe
propionbacterium
Mouth normal anaerobe
P. gingivalis
Vagina normal anaerobe
lactobacilus