Adaptive Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

Where does recognition of a pathogen occur?

A

secondary lymphoid tissue - lymph node or spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T-cell receptor

A

recognizes peptides presented by MHC molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What type of receptors have constant and variable regions?

A

both BCR and TCR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What regions do B-cells have?

A

heavy and light chains

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What regions do T-cells have?

A

alpha + beta

delta + gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an antibody?

A

a B-cell receptor floating free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What region of receptor binds an antigen?

A

variable region

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Antibody isotope

A

constant region which determines the mechanism to kill the antigen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many constant regions are there?

A

5 different types of constant regions (Ig)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

IgM

A

constant region that activates complement system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

IgA

A

protects mucosal surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

IgG

A

most commonly circulating in plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Clonality

A

cell that recognizes a pathogen will divide when exposed to that pathogen

need more of that specific pathogen to fight!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do lymphocytes create specificity and diversity in antigen binding sites?

A

through VDJ or VJ rearrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

VDJ rearrangment

A

rearrangment of DNA in heavy/beta chains to create antigen specificity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

VJ rearrangment

A

rearrangment of DNA in light/alpha chains

17
Q

MHC restriction

A

T-cell does not directly recognize antigen

need the antigen to be presented on a MHC molecule

18
Q

What is presented through MHC?

A

a peptide in the pocket

19
Q

Where are MHC I receptors?

A

on all cells

20
Q

Where are MHC II receptors?

A

only on antigen presenting cells: macrophages, dendritic cells, B-cells

21
Q

What cells recognize peptides presented by MHC I?

A

cytotoxic T-cell, CD8

22
Q

What cells recognize peptides presented by MHC II?

A

helper T-cells, CD4

23
Q

What type of antigens do MHC I present?

A

intracellular (viruses, obligate intracellular bacteria)

24
Q

What type of antigens do MHC II present?

A

extracellular antigens taken up into the cell by endosomes

25
MHC I steps to present an antigen
1) protein is in cytosol (intracellular) 2) degraded into peptides by proteasome 3) peptides go to ER then TAP 4) loaded into MHC I
26
TAP
allows antigens to go from ER to membrane for receptor on MHC I
27
MHC II steps to present an antigen
1) endocytosis of extracellular pathogen 2) degraded into peptides in an endosome 3) loaded into MHC II
28
Why are dendritic cells professional antigen presenting cells?
they can use MHC I and MHC II receptors they can activate naiive T-cells
29
neutralizing antibodies
bind to pathogen and pathogen is removed before host is infected
30
Do we need T-cells to create antibodies?
Yes, for the most successful ones! T-cells can help B-cells to produce a better antibody
31
Adjuvant
extra material included in vaccines to help spur immune response to vaccine activates innate immunity
32
What is required for antigenic shift to happen?
segmented DNA
33
Why can't RSV do antigenic shift?
because it is nonsegmented
34
Molecular mimicry
pathogens may result in autoimmune response similarities between foreign and self-peptides makes T/B-cells likely to attack the self
35
IgE
activates allergy response