Adaptive Immunity

Question 1

Where does recognition of a pathogen occur?

Answer 1

secondary lymphoid tissue - lymph node or spleen

Question 2

T-cell receptor

Answer 2

recognizes peptides presented by MHC molecules

Question 3

What type of receptors have constant and variable regions?

Answer 3

both BCR and TCR

Question 4

What regions do B-cells have?

Answer 4

heavy and light chains

Question 5

What regions do T-cells have?

Answer 5

alpha + beta

delta + gamma

Question 6

What is an antibody?

Answer 6

a B-cell receptor floating free

Question 7

What region of receptor binds an antigen?

Answer 7

variable region

Question 8

Antibody isotope

Answer 8

constant region which determines the mechanism to kill the antigen

Question 9

How many constant regions are there?

Answer 9

5 different types of constant regions (Ig)

Question 10

IgM

Answer 10

constant region that activates complement system

Question 11

IgA

Answer 11

protects mucosal surface

Question 12

IgG

Answer 12

most commonly circulating in plasma

Question 13

Clonality

Answer 13

cell that recognizes a pathogen will divide when exposed to that pathogen

need more of that specific pathogen to fight!

Question 14

How do lymphocytes create specificity and diversity in antigen binding sites?

Answer 14

through VDJ or VJ rearrangement

Question 15

VDJ rearrangment

Answer 15

rearrangment of DNA in heavy/beta chains to create antigen specificity

Question 16

VJ rearrangment

Answer 16

rearrangment of DNA in light/alpha chains

Question 17

MHC restriction

Answer 17

T-cell does not directly recognize antigen

need the antigen to be presented on a MHC molecule

Question 18

What is presented through MHC?

Answer 18

a peptide in the pocket

Question 19

Where are MHC I receptors?

Answer 19

on all cells

Question 20

Where are MHC II receptors?

Answer 20

only on antigen presenting cells: macrophages, dendritic cells, B-cells

Question 21

What cells recognize peptides presented by MHC I?

Answer 21

cytotoxic T-cell, CD8

Question 22

What cells recognize peptides presented by MHC II?

Answer 22

helper T-cells, CD4

Question 23

What type of antigens do MHC I present?

Answer 23

intracellular (viruses, obligate intracellular bacteria)

Question 24

What type of antigens do MHC II present?

Answer 24

extracellular antigens taken up into the cell by endosomes

Question 25

MHC I steps to present an antigen

Answer 25

1) protein is in cytosol (intracellular)
2) degraded into peptides by proteasome
3) peptides go to ER then TAP
4) loaded into MHC I

Question 26

TAP

Answer 26

allows antigens to go from ER to membrane for receptor on MHC I

Question 27

MHC II steps to present an antigen

Answer 27

1) endocytosis of extracellular pathogen
2) degraded into peptides in an endosome
3) loaded into MHC II

Question 28

Why are dendritic cells professional antigen presenting cells?

Answer 28

they can use MHC I and MHC II receptors

they can activate naiive T-cells

Question 29

neutralizing antibodies

Answer 29

bind to pathogen and pathogen is removed before host is infected

Question 30

Do we need T-cells to create antibodies?

Answer 30

Yes, for the most successful ones!

T-cells can help B-cells to produce a better antibody

Question 31

Adjuvant

Answer 31

extra material included in vaccines to help spur immune response to vaccine

activates innate immunity

Question 32

What is required for antigenic shift to happen?

Answer 32

segmented DNA

Question 33

Why can’t RSV do antigenic shift?

Answer 33

because it is nonsegmented

Question 34

Molecular mimicry

Answer 34

pathogens may result in autoimmune response

similarities between foreign and self-peptides makes T/B-cells likely to attack the self

Question 35

IgE

Answer 35

activates allergy response