Breast VHA Flashcards
What is found in all connective tissue?
collagen
What is a cofactor for collagen?
Vitamin C
What type of tissue / collagen is common in dermis of skin?
dense irregular connective tissue
type 1 collagen
white adipose tissue
large empty space, can’t visualize well
brown adipose tissue
has numerous mitochondria which allows brown adipose tissue to stain better than white adipose tissue
Lymphoid cells
produce lymphocytes in bone marrow
dark, densely packed nuclei
lymphocytes cluster in lamina propia
Where do macrophages migrate to?
connective tissue
Where are simple tubular glands found?
in the colon
What type of glands are salivary glands?
compound tubloacinar glands
What does serous and mucous refer to?
types of glands
What type of gland stains poorly?
mucous glands
the nuclei are squeezed against base of cells
What type of gland stains better?
serous gland
Why does ductal elongation occur in mammary glands?
exposure to estrogen
What are mammary ducts arranged into?
terminal ductal lobular units (TDLU)
What type of tissue makes up TDLU?
luminal epithelial
myoepithelial
luminal epithelial
on inner layer
myoepithelial
sit on the basement membrane
between luminal epithelial and stroma
“squeezed” appearance
What stroma surrounds the acini?
intralobular stroma
Difference between ducts and lobules
Ducts are smaller channels that carry the milk
Lobes / lobules are larger (15-20 units) and produce milk
What are lobes made of?
20-40 TDLUs
What are TDLUs made of?
acini
acini are connected to a terminal duct
What is the functional unit of the breast?
acini
What are the layers of the acini moving from outward to inward?
basement membrane
myoepithelial cells
luminal epithelial cells
lumen
If epithelial cells are present in the ductal lumen, what does this indicate?
DCIS
fibrocystic changes / mammary duct ectasia
If epithelial cells are present in the ductal lumen and through the basement membrane, what does this indicate?
invasive ductal carcinoma
How can you differentiate between fibrocystic changes and DCIS?
presence of pleomorphic nuclei and necrosis within the lumen
Pleomorphic nuclei
a feature of cancer
cells have nuclei with lots of different sizes and shapes
What do myoepithelial cells do?
they propel the milk forward
acini squeeze
Why do cancers often invade the blood and lymphs?
because of their thin walls, the cancer can break into the vessels
Intense purple stain indicates what?
lymphoid organ
How can you tell a lymphocyte cell?
they don’t have a lot of cytoplasm, so they mostly stain purple
they look like purple dots
What type of cells line lymphatic capillaries?
endothelial cells
How does lymph enter the lymph node?
single, large, efferent lymphatic vessel
Is the lymphatic system connected to the circulatory system?
yes
something like the thoracic duct eventually drains into a vein
Does lymph circulate?
no
it flows in one direction
Do lymphatic vessels normally contain some blood?
yes
What are the 2 ways lymphocytes can access the lymph node?
through afferent lymphatic vessels (from the lymph)
through HEVs (from the blood)
What is normally found in the intralobular stroma?
plasma cells
Where is the interlobular stroma?
normally contains adipose tissue, lymphatics and vessels
What tissue makes up most of the breast?
the interlobular stroma
Is it possible for eosinophilic material to be in the lumen of a duct?
sure
Parenchyma
functional unit / cells
general term
What does the breast have more of: stroma or parenchyma?
stroma
Where is type 1 collagen?
strong places
tendons, bones and dermis of skin
Where is type 2 collagen?
cartilage
Where is type 3 cartilage?
lymphoid organs
Where is type 4 collagen?
basement membrane
What is special about type 4 collagen?
it forms sheets
