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Fundamentals 1 > Breast VHA > Flashcards

Breast VHA Flashcards

1
Q

What is found in all connective tissue?

A

collagen

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2
Q

What is a cofactor for collagen?

A

Vitamin C

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3
Q

What type of tissue / collagen is common in dermis of skin?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

type 1 collagen

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4
Q

white adipose tissue

A

large empty space, can’t visualize well

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5
Q

brown adipose tissue

A

has numerous mitochondria which allows brown adipose tissue to stain better than white adipose tissue

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6
Q

Lymphoid cells

A

produce lymphocytes in bone marrow

dark, densely packed nuclei

lymphocytes cluster in lamina propia

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7
Q

Where do macrophages migrate to?

A

connective tissue

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8
Q

Where are simple tubular glands found?

A

in the colon

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9
Q

What type of glands are salivary glands?

A

compound tubloacinar glands

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10
Q

What does serous and mucous refer to?

A

types of glands

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11
Q

What type of gland stains poorly?

A

mucous glands

the nuclei are squeezed against base of cells

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12
Q

What type of gland stains better?

A

serous gland

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13
Q

Why does ductal elongation occur in mammary glands?

A

exposure to estrogen

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14
Q

What are mammary ducts arranged into?

A

terminal ductal lobular units (TDLU)

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15
Q

What type of tissue makes up TDLU?

A

luminal epithelial

myoepithelial

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16
Q

luminal epithelial

A

on inner layer

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17
Q

myoepithelial

A

sit on the basement membrane

between luminal epithelial and stroma

“squeezed” appearance

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18
Q

What stroma surrounds the acini?

A

intralobular stroma

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19
Q

Difference between ducts and lobules

A

Ducts are smaller channels that carry the milk

Lobes / lobules are larger (15-20 units) and produce milk

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20
Q

What are lobes made of?

A

20-40 TDLUs

21
Q

What are TDLUs made of?

A

acini

acini are connected to a terminal duct

22
Q

What is the functional unit of the breast?

A

acini

23
Q

What are the layers of the acini moving from outward to inward?

A

basement membrane

myoepithelial cells

luminal epithelial cells

lumen

24
Q

If epithelial cells are present in the ductal lumen, what does this indicate?

A

DCIS

fibrocystic changes / mammary duct ectasia

25
Q

If epithelial cells are present in the ductal lumen and through the basement membrane, what does this indicate?

A

invasive ductal carcinoma

26
Q

How can you differentiate between fibrocystic changes and DCIS?

A

presence of pleomorphic nuclei and necrosis within the lumen

27
Q

Pleomorphic nuclei

A

a feature of cancer

cells have nuclei with lots of different sizes and shapes

28
Q

What do myoepithelial cells do?

A

they propel the milk forward

acini squeeze

29
Q

Why do cancers often invade the blood and lymphs?

A

because of their thin walls, the cancer can break into the vessels

30
Q

Intense purple stain indicates what?

A

lymphoid organ

31
Q

How can you tell a lymphocyte cell?

A

they don’t have a lot of cytoplasm, so they mostly stain purple

they look like purple dots

32
Q

What type of cells line lymphatic capillaries?

A

endothelial cells

33
Q

How does lymph enter the lymph node?

A

single, large, efferent lymphatic vessel

34
Q

Is the lymphatic system connected to the circulatory system?

A

yes

something like the thoracic duct eventually drains into a vein

35
Q

Does lymph circulate?

A

no

it flows in one direction

36
Q

Do lymphatic vessels normally contain some blood?

A

yes

37
Q

What are the 2 ways lymphocytes can access the lymph node?

A

through afferent lymphatic vessels (from the lymph)

through HEVs (from the blood)

38
Q

What is normally found in the intralobular stroma?

A

plasma cells

39
Q

Where is the interlobular stroma?

A

normally contains adipose tissue, lymphatics and vessels

40
Q

What tissue makes up most of the breast?

A

the interlobular stroma

41
Q

Is it possible for eosinophilic material to be in the lumen of a duct?

A

sure

42
Q

Parenchyma

A

functional unit / cells

general term

43
Q

What does the breast have more of: stroma or parenchyma?

A

stroma

44
Q

Where is type 1 collagen?

A

strong places

tendons, bones and dermis of skin

45
Q

Where is type 2 collagen?

A

cartilage

46
Q

Where is type 3 cartilage?

A

lymphoid organs

47
Q

Where is type 4 collagen?

A

basement membrane

48
Q

What is special about type 4 collagen?

A

it forms sheets

Fundamentals 1 (29 decks)

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