Breast VHA

Question 1

What is found in all connective tissue?

Answer 1

collagen

Question 2

What is a cofactor for collagen?

Answer 2

Vitamin C

Question 3

What type of tissue / collagen is common in dermis of skin?

Answer 3

dense irregular connective tissue

type 1 collagen

Question 4

white adipose tissue

Answer 4

large empty space, can’t visualize well

Question 5

brown adipose tissue

Answer 5

has numerous mitochondria which allows brown adipose tissue to stain better than white adipose tissue

Question 6

Lymphoid cells

Answer 6

produce lymphocytes in bone marrow

dark, densely packed nuclei

lymphocytes cluster in lamina propia

Question 7

Where do macrophages migrate to?

Answer 7

connective tissue

Question 8

Where are simple tubular glands found?

Answer 8

in the colon

Question 9

What type of glands are salivary glands?

Answer 9

compound tubloacinar glands

Question 10

What does serous and mucous refer to?

Answer 10

types of glands

Question 11

What type of gland stains poorly?

Answer 11

mucous glands

the nuclei are squeezed against base of cells

Question 12

What type of gland stains better?

Answer 12

serous gland

Question 13

Why does ductal elongation occur in mammary glands?

Answer 13

exposure to estrogen

Question 14

What are mammary ducts arranged into?

Answer 14

terminal ductal lobular units (TDLU)

Question 15

What type of tissue makes up TDLU?

Answer 15

luminal epithelial

myoepithelial

Question 16

luminal epithelial

Answer 16

on inner layer

Question 17

myoepithelial

Answer 17

sit on the basement membrane

between luminal epithelial and stroma

“squeezed” appearance

Question 18

What stroma surrounds the acini?

Answer 18

intralobular stroma

Question 19

Difference between ducts and lobules

Answer 19

Ducts are smaller channels that carry the milk

Lobes / lobules are larger (15-20 units) and produce milk

Question 20

What are lobes made of?

Answer 20

20-40 TDLUs

Question 21

What are TDLUs made of?

Answer 21

acini

acini are connected to a terminal duct

Question 22

What is the functional unit of the breast?

Answer 22

acini

Question 23

What are the layers of the acini moving from outward to inward?

Answer 23

basement membrane

myoepithelial cells

luminal epithelial cells

lumen

Question 24

If epithelial cells are present in the ductal lumen, what does this indicate?

Answer 24

DCIS

fibrocystic changes / mammary duct ectasia

Question 25

If epithelial cells are present in the ductal lumen and through the basement membrane, what does this indicate?

Answer 25

invasive ductal carcinoma

Question 26

How can you differentiate between fibrocystic changes and DCIS?

Answer 26

presence of pleomorphic nuclei and necrosis within the lumen

Question 27

Pleomorphic nuclei

Answer 27

a feature of cancer cells have nuclei with lots of different sizes and shapes

Question 28

What do myoepithelial cells do?

Answer 28

they propel the milk forward acini squeeze

Question 29

Why do cancers often invade the blood and lymphs?

Answer 29

because of their thin walls, the cancer can break into the vessels

Question 30

Intense purple stain indicates what?

Answer 30

lymphoid organ

Question 31

How can you tell a lymphocyte cell?

Answer 31

they don't have a lot of cytoplasm, so they mostly stain purple they look like purple dots

Question 32

What type of cells line lymphatic capillaries?

Answer 32

endothelial cells

Question 33

How does lymph enter the lymph node?

Answer 33

single, large, efferent lymphatic vessel

Question 34

Is the lymphatic system connected to the circulatory system?

Answer 34

yes something like the thoracic duct eventually drains into a vein

Question 35

Does lymph circulate?

Answer 35

no it flows in one direction

Question 36

Do lymphatic vessels normally contain some blood?

Answer 36

yes

Question 37

What are the 2 ways lymphocytes can access the lymph node?

Answer 37

through afferent lymphatic vessels (from the lymph) through HEVs (from the blood)

Question 38

What is normally found in the intralobular stroma?

Answer 38

plasma cells

Question 39

Where is the interlobular stroma?

Answer 39

normally contains adipose tissue, lymphatics and vessels

Question 40

What tissue makes up most of the breast?

Answer 40

the interlobular stroma

Question 41

Is it possible for eosinophilic material to be in the lumen of a duct?

Answer 41

sure

Question 42

Parenchyma

Answer 42

functional unit / cells general term

Question 43

What does the breast have more of: stroma or parenchyma?

Answer 43

stroma

Question 44

Where is type 1 collagen?

Answer 44

strong places tendons, bones and dermis of skin

Question 45

Where is type 2 collagen?

Answer 45

cartilage

Question 46

Where is type 3 cartilage?

Answer 46

lymphoid organs

Question 47

Where is type 4 collagen?

Answer 47

basement membrane

Question 48

What is special about type 4 collagen?

Answer 48

it forms sheets