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Fundamentals 1 > Anemia week VHA > Flashcards

Anemia week VHA Flashcards

1
Q

What type of tissue is blood?

A

connective

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2
Q

Describe a typical RBC

A

non-nucleated

biconcave

lack organelles

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3
Q

How long do RBCs survive for?

A

~120 days

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4
Q

What are the 2 classes of WBCs?

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes

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5
Q

Granulocytes

A

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

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6
Q

Agranulocytes

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

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7
Q

What do lymphocytes look like on stain?

A

small

basically a very dark dot

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8
Q

Distinguishing feature of macrophages on stain

A

large

kidney shaped nucleus

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9
Q

Distinguishing feature of neutrophils on stain

A

multi-lobed nuclei with pale pink cytoplasm

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10
Q

Distinguishing feature of eosinophils in cytoplasm

A

stain pink

bilobed nucleus

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11
Q

Where are eosinophils often found?

A

the colon

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12
Q

Distinguishing features of basophils

A

not often that you see them on smears

when you do, it looks like many blue stipples

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13
Q

What are the two components of the spleen?

A

red and white pulp

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14
Q

Where are venous sinuses found?

A

in the red pulp of the spleen

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15
Q

What type of collagen makes up the venous sinuses?

A

type III collagen

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16
Q

List the flow of blood through the spleen

A

Splenic artery
Central artery
White pulp
Red pulp
Venous sinuses
Splenic vein

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17
Q

What is the pathway of blood flow through the spleen called?

A

closed circulation of the spleen

18
Q

What are the venous sinuses of the spleen?

A

barrel-shaped, dilated vascular spaces whose endothelial cells are separated by slits

these slits function as a way to remove effete RBCs

19
Q

Autosplenectomy

A

occurs in sickle cell

vaso-occlusion of the venous sinuses leads to splenic damage

20
Q

Conducting portion of respiratory system

A

structures that deliver air to points of gas exchange

21
Q

Describe the epithelial layer of the respiratory tract mucosa

A

ciliated psudeostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

22
Q

What is the region of the lung that participates directly in respiration called?

A

pulmonary acinus

this is where gas exchange occurs

23
Q

What is includes in the pulmonary acinus?

A

bronchioles and alveoli

24
Q

What is the epithelial layer where actual gas exchange occurs?

A

thin squamous cells

*there is a gradual transition from ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells to thin squamous cells in the respiratory tract

25
Q

Are mucus secreting glands found in the respiratory segments of respiratory tract?

A

No since they would obstruct gas exchange

Mucus secreting glands are only found in the conducting segments of the respiratory tract

26
Q

Macrophages in the lungs

A

referred to as dust cells

often are in the airspaces

27
Q

Elastic fibers

A

important in the respiratory tract

provide recoil after each expansion of the alveoli from inhaled air to allow PASSIVE exhalation

28
Q

What type of cells compose the walls of the alveoli?

A

pneumocytes (type I and type II)

29
Q

Which pneumocyte can you see on slides?

A

type II

normally in a line near the alveolar space

30
Q

Difference between type I and II pneumocytes

A

Type I: large surface area to facilitate gas exchange

Type II: cuboidal and secrete surfactant

31
Q

What cells contain surfactant?

A

type II pneumocytes

32
Q

Breakdown of pancreatic cell function

A

90% of function is exocrine (secretes alkaline bicarbonate sodium into duodenum)

other function is endocrine (insulin + glucagon)

33
Q

What structure can the pancreas often be confused with histologically? What distinguishes the pancreas?

A

parotid gland

pancreas has islets of Langhorn

34
Q

How can you determine the small intestine vs. the colon since they both have crypts?

A

the small intestine has villi

35
Q

Where is the brush border?

A

small intestine

36
Q

What is the brush border made of?

A

actin

37
Q

Where are most goblet cells found in the GI tract?

A

in the colon

but they are still present in the small intestine

38
Q

What helps to distinguish small intestine from colon?

A

Brunner’s glands, villi, and Peyer’s patches

39
Q

Brunner’s glands

A

submucosal glands found in the small intestine that secrete bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid

40
Q

Peyer’s Patches

A

large, submucosal lymph nodes found in the ileum of small intestine

41
Q

M-cells

A

epithelial cells that are closely associated with Peyer’s patches below them

cannot visualize M cells well on stain

42
Q

How can you differentiate different glands?

A

serous acinar is darker

mucinous is more white space because nucleus gets pushed up to the sides

Fundamentals 1 (29 decks)

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