Anemia week VHA

Question 1

What type of tissue is blood?

Answer 1

connective

Question 2

Describe a typical RBC

Answer 2

non-nucleated

biconcave

lack organelles

Question 3

How long do RBCs survive for?

Answer 3

~120 days

Question 4

What are the 2 classes of WBCs?

Answer 4

granulocytes and agranulocytes

Question 5

Granulocytes

Answer 5

neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils

Question 6

Agranulocytes

Answer 6

lymphocytes and monocytes

Question 7

What do lymphocytes look like on stain?

Answer 7

small

basically a very dark dot

Question 8

Distinguishing feature of macrophages on stain

Answer 8

large

kidney shaped nucleus

Question 9

Distinguishing feature of neutrophils on stain

Answer 9

multi-lobed nuclei with pale pink cytoplasm

Question 10

Distinguishing feature of eosinophils in cytoplasm

Answer 10

stain pink

bilobed nucleus

Question 11

Where are eosinophils often found?

Answer 11

the colon

Question 12

Distinguishing features of basophils

Answer 12

not often that you see them on smears

when you do, it looks like many blue stipples

Question 13

What are the two components of the spleen?

Answer 13

red and white pulp

Question 14

Where are venous sinuses found?

Answer 14

in the red pulp of the spleen

Question 15

What type of collagen makes up the venous sinuses?

Answer 15

type III collagen

Question 16

List the flow of blood through the spleen

Answer 16

Splenic artery
Central artery
White pulp
Red pulp
Venous sinuses
Splenic vein

Question 17

What is the pathway of blood flow through the spleen called?

Answer 17

closed circulation of the spleen

Question 18

What are the venous sinuses of the spleen?

Answer 18

barrel-shaped, dilated vascular spaces whose endothelial cells are separated by slits

these slits function as a way to remove effete RBCs

Question 19

Autosplenectomy

Answer 19

occurs in sickle cell

vaso-occlusion of the venous sinuses leads to splenic damage

Question 20

Conducting portion of respiratory system

Answer 20

structures that deliver air to points of gas exchange

Question 21

Describe the epithelial layer of the respiratory tract mucosa

Answer 21

ciliated psudeostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Question 22

What is the region of the lung that participates directly in respiration called?

Answer 22

pulmonary acinus

this is where gas exchange occurs

Question 23

What is includes in the pulmonary acinus?

Answer 23

bronchioles and alveoli

Question 24

What is the epithelial layer where actual gas exchange occurs?

Answer 24

thin squamous cells

*there is a gradual transition from ciliated pseudostratified columnar cells to thin squamous cells in the respiratory tract

Question 25

Are mucus secreting glands found in the respiratory segments of respiratory tract?

Answer 25

No since they would obstruct gas exchange Mucus secreting glands are only found in the conducting segments of the respiratory tract

Question 26

Macrophages in the lungs

Answer 26

referred to as dust cells often are in the airspaces

Question 27

Elastic fibers

Answer 27

important in the respiratory tract provide recoil after each expansion of the alveoli from inhaled air to allow PASSIVE exhalation

Question 28

What type of cells compose the walls of the alveoli?

Answer 28

pneumocytes (type I and type II)

Question 29

Which pneumocyte can you see on slides?

Answer 29

type II normally in a line near the alveolar space

Question 30

Difference between type I and II pneumocytes

Answer 30

Type I: large surface area to facilitate gas exchange Type II: cuboidal and secrete surfactant

Question 31

What cells contain surfactant?

Answer 31

type II pneumocytes

Question 32

Breakdown of pancreatic cell function

Answer 32

90% of function is exocrine (secretes alkaline bicarbonate sodium into duodenum) other function is endocrine (insulin + glucagon)

Question 33

What structure can the pancreas often be confused with histologically? What distinguishes the pancreas?

Answer 33

parotid gland pancreas has islets of Langhorn

Question 34

How can you determine the small intestine vs. the colon since they both have crypts?

Answer 34

the small intestine has villi

Question 35

Where is the brush border?

Answer 35

small intestine

Question 36

What is the brush border made of?

Answer 36

actin

Question 37

Where are most goblet cells found in the GI tract?

Answer 37

in the colon but they are still present in the small intestine

Question 38

What helps to distinguish small intestine from colon?

Answer 38

Brunner's glands, villi, and Peyer's patches

Question 39

Brunner's glands

Answer 39

submucosal glands found in the small intestine that secrete bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid

Question 40

Peyer's Patches

Answer 40

large, submucosal lymph nodes found in the ileum of small intestine

Question 41

M-cells

Answer 41

epithelial cells that are closely associated with Peyer's patches below them cannot visualize M cells well on stain

Question 42

How can you differentiate different glands?

Answer 42

serous acinar is darker mucinous is more white space because nucleus gets pushed up to the sides