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Fundamentals 1 > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Loading dose

A

higher one time dose so medicine absorbs quickly

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2
Q

Do you change loading dose in patient’s with renal disease?

A

No

you decrease the interval to give the maintenance dose

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3
Q

How should vancomycin be administered?

A

IV since it will become ion trapped in tissues due to its pKa

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4
Q

What do we want the serum level of a drug to be?

A

higher than MIC but below the toxic level

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5
Q

Functionally resistant

A

a pathogen is suspectible to an antibiotic

however, you can not get a high enough dose to reach MIC to tissues, so pathogen is functionally resistant

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6
Q

How do you identify a narrower drug to use?

A

speciation-specificity tests

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7
Q

Why would we sometimes not want 100% coverage?

A

since this wipes everything out, it is more likely for bacterial resistance to occur

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8
Q

4 mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

A

efflux pumps
decreased permeability
inactivation of antibiotic (B-lactamase)
antibiotic target site mutations

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9
Q

What class of drugs can be toxic?

A

aminoglycosides

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10
Q

What is the minimum threshold of suspectibility (in typical cases)?

A

> 75%

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11
Q

How can you determine MIC?

A

Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion

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12
Q

MICs make bugs either: (3)

A

suspectible
dose-dependent
resistant

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13
Q

Does MIC change in different tissues?

A

No!

MIC is the same in all tissues since you are using the same drug on the same bug

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14
Q

How do B-lactams work?

A

bind and inhibit PBPs (enzyme that catalyzes peptidoglycan cross linking)

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15
Q

Common B-lactams

A

Penicillin
Cephalosporins
Nafcillin

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16
Q

Gram + resistance to B-lactams

A

Altered PBPs

Staph makes B-lactamases

17
Q

Gram - resistance to B-lactams

A

loss / mutation of porin channels

18
Q

Vancomycin MOA

A

binds directly to D-Ala-D-Ala to stop cell wall synthesis

19
Q

What is vancomycin good at treating?

A

MRSA

20
Q

Fosfomycin MOA

A

inhibits cell wall synthesis by inhibiting the formation of NAM

21
Q

What drug should be used to treat P. aeruginosa? What class is it?

A

tobramycin

aminoglycoside

21
Q

When should you use macrolides?

A

to treat pneumonia when penicilin doesn’t work

22
Q

Macrolides MOA

A

binds to the 50s rRNA subunit

23
Q

What class of drugs binds to topoisomerase and inhibits DNA synthesis?

A

fluoroquinolones

24
Q

What class of drugs works well with anaerobes?

A

metronidazole

*also use for Giarda

25
Q

Daptomycin MOA

A

binds to cell membrane and creates a pore that leads to ion influx

26
Q

What prevents daptomycin from working for URIs?

A

lung surfactant inactivates the drug

Fundamentals 1 (29 decks)

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