Formatives Review Flashcards
Coding strand
5’ to 3’ direction
is the same as the mRNA but with T instead of you
mRNA also in 5’ to 3’ direction
Example if this is the coding strand what is the mRNA? 3’-TCCCGA-5’
5’-AGCCCU-3’
Example is this is the template strand what is the mRNA? 3’-TCCCGA-5’
mRNA will be antiparallel and complement
5’-AGGGCU-3’
Where is the promoter located?
upstream to the start site
If muscle creatinine kinase is elevated and child has muscle cramps, what does this indicated?
GSD5 - McArdle
problem with muscle glycogen phosphorylase
How can you treat OTC deficiency? (3)
benzoate, phenylbutyrate, phenylacetate
What plasma metabolites elevate in OTC deficiency?
alanine and glutamine
*also elevate with carbamoyl phosphate synthetase deficiency
Extended clonus and tachypnea indicate what ?
hyperammonia
What is the inheritance pattern of carbamoyl phosphatase synthase deficiency?
autosomal recessive
What is the inheritance pattern of OTC defiency?
X-linked recessive
What can indicate carbamoyl synthetase deficiency?
no orotic aciduria since carbamoyl phosphate is not being produced
Too much insulin results in …
hypoglycemia
What determines which mRNA will be produced in a specific tissue?
the presence of specific transcription factors
What does eosin dye?
mitochondria and cytosol
What does hematoxylin dye?
it dyes basophilic structures
nucleus, ribosomes and RER
How do you indicate an adopted child on pedigree?
use dotted line to adopted child
High levels of lactate and uric acid indicates which GSD?
Von Gierke (GSD1) has lactic acidosis
What is the stain of golgi apparatus?
does not stain
What is the only hyperammonia disease that is X-linked recessive?
OTC deficiency
What is the initial immune response to a gram negative bacteria?
TLR-4 binds LPS
What is the initial immune response to a gram positive bacteria?
TLR-2 and TLR-6 bind lipoteichoic acid
Chronic granulomatous disease
prevents phagocytosis
defects in enzyme NADPH oxidase (cannot facilitate respiratory burst)
What is an example of a pattern recognition receptor?
Toll-like receptors
What cell is primary performer of phagocytosis?
macrophages