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Fundamentals 1 > Pathogens / Toxins > Flashcards

Pathogens / Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

list 3 pathogens that are obligate intracellular

A

listeria

s. flexneri

s. typhi

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2
Q

what pathogen can be picked up from oysters / seafood?

A

V. parahaemolyticus

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3
Q

Exotoxin

A

extracellular diffusible proteins; most act at tissue sits remote from original point of invasion

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4
Q

Endotoxin

A

cell-associated structural components

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5
Q

Examples of endotoxins

A

LPS

LOS

LTA

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6
Q

What detects LPS?

A

TLR 4

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7
Q

What detects LTA?

A

TLR 2 and 6

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8
Q

proteases

A

enzymes that degrade connective tissue

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9
Q

list 2 superantigens

A

TSST

emetic / enterotoxin

*both superantigens come from S. aureus

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10
Q

What does emetic toxin cause?

A

food poisoning

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11
Q

4 exotoxins that are pore-forming

A

alpha-toxin (s. aureus)

steptolysins

listeriolysin

pneumolysin (s. pneumoniae)

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12
Q

Cholera toxin

A

AB5 toxin

targets Gs which leads to increase in cAMP

ADP-ribosylation of GTPase

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13
Q

Pertussis toxin

A

AB5 toxin

targets Gi

Gi becomes locked (GDP-bound) which results in increased levels of cAMP

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14
Q

Which toxins are AB5 toxins?

A

cholera

pertussis

shiga

shiga-like

(Can pat shack sam??)

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15
Q

Heat labile (ETEC)

A

increases cAMP

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16
Q

heat stable (ETEC)

A

increase cGMP

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17
Q

Shiga toxin

A

leads to hemolytic uremic syndrome

increases 38s rRNA

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18
Q

Diptheria toxin

A

AB toxin

ADP ribosylation

targets EF-2

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19
Q

What produces diptheria toxin?

A

clostridium diphtheriae

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20
Q

Which toxins are AB toxins?

A

diptheria

exotoxin A

botulinum toxin

tetanus toxin

(danny easily bothers tammy)

21
Q

shiga-like toxin

A

EHEC

AB5 toxin

hemolytic uremic syndrom

inactivates 28S rRNA

22
Q

Which 2 toxins inactivate 28S rRNA?

A

shiga-like toxin

shiga toxin

23
Q

what should you remember about exotoxin A?

A

very similar to diptheria toxin

24
Q

botulinum toxin

A

AB toxin

targets SNARE proteins to block acetylcholine release

leads to flaccid paralysis

25
Q

tetanus toxin

A

AB toxin

binds to inhibitory transmitters (GABA and glycine)

results in spasm

26
Q

TcdA

A

C. diff toxin A

glycosylation of GTP-binding proteins

27
Q

TcdB

A

C. diff toxin B

glycosylation of GTP-binding proteins

targets CSPG4 and FZD

28
Q

CDT

A

C. diff transferase toxin

ADP-ribosylation of G-actin

29
Q

C. perfringens from notes

A

gram + bacteria

most common transmission is ingestion of contaminated food (ex. potato salad)

usually self-limiting within 24 hours

30
Q

Which bacteria are obligate anaerobes?

A

bacteriobes

clostridium

31
Q

What should you not do to treat E. coli?

A

do not treat with antibiotics or antidiarrheals (worsened outcomes)

32
Q

Is listeria gram positive?

A

yes

33
Q

What is the major concern of contracting listeria during pregnancy?

A

miscarriage and premature delivery

34
Q

Is listeria an intracellular pathogen?

A

yes

intracellular, like Santa gets into your house

35
Q

what is the most common cause of diarrhea in the US?

A

campylobacteria

36
Q

non-typhoidal salmonella

A

iNTS

37
Q

what does non-typhoidal salmonella normally present as?

A

diarrhea

compared to salmonella typhi which normally doesn’t have diarhea

38
Q

serovars definition

A

antigenic phenotypes involving O-antigen of LPS combined with H-antigen of flagella

39
Q

Which salmonella strand requires antibiotics?

A

typhi

not iNTS

40
Q

Which pathogen is characterized by rapid onset of diarrhea?

A

staph aureus

41
Q

Does staph aureus require a large or small amount to infect?

A

small since it is acid stable

42
Q

What bacteria can come even from cured and cooked food?

A

staph aureus

43
Q

How is vibriosis transmitted according to handout? (this doesn’t include cholera)

A

through undercooked / raw seafood

through open wound exposed to salt water

44
Q

El Tor cholera

A

longer lasting

45
Q

Toxin Co-Regulated Pilus

A

produced by V. cholera

helps the bacteria attach to gut epithelium

46
Q

Which pathogen is a parasite?

A

giarda

47
Q

Which pathogen isn’t gram positive or negative?

A

giarda

48
Q

Which toxins can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A

shigella

EHEC

Fundamentals 1 (29 decks)

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