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Fundamentals 1 > Pathogens / Toxins > Flashcards

Pathogens / Toxins Flashcards

1
Q

list 3 pathogens that are obligate intracellular

A

listeria

s. flexneri

s. typhi

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2
Q

what pathogen can be picked up from oysters / seafood?

A

V. parahaemolyticus

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3
Q

Exotoxin

A

extracellular diffusible proteins; most act at tissue sits remote from original point of invasion

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4
Q

Endotoxin

A

cell-associated structural components

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5
Q

Examples of endotoxins

A

LPS

LOS

LTA

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6
Q

What detects LPS?

A

TLR 4

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7
Q

What detects LTA?

A

TLR 2 and 6

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8
Q

proteases

A

enzymes that degrade connective tissue

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9
Q

list 2 superantigens

A

TSST

emetic / enterotoxin

*both superantigens come from S. aureus

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10
Q

What does emetic toxin cause?

A

food poisoning

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11
Q

4 exotoxins that are pore-forming

A

alpha-toxin (s. aureus)

steptolysins

listeriolysin

pneumolysin (s. pneumoniae)

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12
Q

Cholera toxin

A

AB5 toxin

targets Gs which leads to increase in cAMP

ADP-ribosylation of GTPase

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13
Q

Pertussis toxin

A

AB5 toxin

targets Gi

Gi becomes locked (GDP-bound) which results in increased levels of cAMP

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14
Q

Which toxins are AB5 toxins?

A

cholera

pertussis

shiga

shiga-like

(Can pat shack sam??)

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15
Q

Heat labile (ETEC)

A

increases cAMP

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16
Q

heat stable (ETEC)

A

increase cGMP

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17
Q

Shiga toxin

A

leads to hemolytic uremic syndrome

increases 38s rRNA

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18
Q

Diptheria toxin

A

AB toxin

ADP ribosylation

targets EF-2

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19
Q

What produces diptheria toxin?

A

clostridium diphtheriae

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20
Q

Which toxins are AB toxins?

A

diptheria

exotoxin A

botulinum toxin

tetanus toxin

(danny easily bothers tammy)

21
Q

shiga-like toxin

A

EHEC

AB5 toxin

hemolytic uremic syndrom

inactivates 28S rRNA

22
Q

Which 2 toxins inactivate 28S rRNA?

A

shiga-like toxin

shiga toxin

23
Q

what should you remember about exotoxin A?

A

very similar to diptheria toxin

24
Q

botulinum toxin

A

AB toxin

targets SNARE proteins to block acetylcholine release

leads to flaccid paralysis

25
tetanus toxin
AB toxin binds to inhibitory transmitters (GABA and glycine) results in spasm
26
TcdA
C. diff toxin A glycosylation of GTP-binding proteins
27
TcdB
C. diff toxin B glycosylation of GTP-binding proteins targets CSPG4 and FZD
28
CDT
C. diff transferase toxin ADP-ribosylation of G-actin
29
C. perfringens from notes
gram + bacteria most common transmission is ingestion of contaminated food (ex. potato salad) usually self-limiting within 24 hours
30
Which bacteria are obligate anaerobes?
bacteriobes clostridium
31
What should you not do to treat E. coli?
do not treat with antibiotics or antidiarrheals (worsened outcomes)
32
Is listeria gram positive?
yes
33
What is the major concern of contracting listeria during pregnancy?
miscarriage and premature delivery
34
Is listeria an intracellular pathogen?
yes intracellular, like Santa gets into your house
35
what is the most common cause of diarrhea in the US?
campylobacteria
36
non-typhoidal salmonella
iNTS
37
what does non-typhoidal salmonella normally present as?
diarrhea compared to salmonella typhi which normally doesn't have diarhea
38
serovars definition
antigenic phenotypes involving O-antigen of LPS combined with H-antigen of flagella
39
Which salmonella strand requires antibiotics?
typhi not iNTS
40
Which pathogen is characterized by rapid onset of diarrhea?
staph aureus
41
Does staph aureus require a large or small amount to infect?
small since it is acid stable
42
What bacteria can come even from cured and cooked food?
staph aureus
43
How is vibriosis transmitted according to handout? (this doesn't include cholera)
through undercooked / raw seafood through open wound exposed to salt water
44
El Tor cholera
longer lasting
45
Toxin Co-Regulated Pilus
produced by V. cholera helps the bacteria attach to gut epithelium
46
Which pathogen is a parasite?
giarda
47
Which pathogen isn't gram positive or negative?
giarda
48
Which toxins can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome?
shigella EHEC

Fundamentals 1 (29 decks)

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