Pain

Question 1

modulation

Answer 1

complex system that modulates and inhibits pain perception

Question 2

Steps of pain response

Answer 2

transduction, transmission, perception, modulation

Question 3

transduction of pain

Answer 3

depolarization at peripheral nociceptors in response to noxious stimuli

Question 4

transmission of pain

Answer 4

process by which signal is sent along primary afferent axons along myelinated or unmyelinated fibers

Question 5

path of pain transmission

Answer 5

to spinal cord to thalamus to cerebral cortex

Question 6

myelinated fibers

Answer 6

A-D fibers

Question 7

nonmyelinated fibers

Answer 7

C fibers

Question 8

perception of pain

Answer 8

process when signal is interpreted in higher centers of brain and individual recognizes pain

Question 9

nociceptive pain

Answer 9

pain pathway activation that follows noxious stimulus to transduction, transmission, perception

includes both somatic and visceral pains

Question 10

neuropathic pain

Answer 10

persists of ongoing tissue injury or inflammation

characterized as burning, shooting, stabbing

damaged nerves themselves

Question 11

3 steps of the WHO pain ladder

Answer 11

1. non-opiods +/- adjuvant therapy
2. weak opioids +/- adjuvant therapy
3. strong opioid and non-opioid +/- adjuvant therapy

Question 12

NSAIDs

Answer 12

anti-inflammatory / antipyretic

used to treat mild to moderate nociceptive pain

Question 13

antipyretic meaning

Answer 13

reduces fever

Question 14

what are opioids used to treat?

Answer 14

moderate to severe nociceptive pain

Question 15

Where do opioids act?

Answer 15

post and pre- synaptically as opioid receptor agonists

Question 16

What enzyme do NSAIDs inhibit?

Answer 16

COX

Question 17

adjuvant therapy

Answer 17

a therapy that is given in addition to the primary or initial therapy to maximize its effectiveness