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Locomotor > Vertebrae and Intervertebrae joints > Flashcards

Vertebrae and Intervertebrae joints Flashcards

1
Q

what are the curvatures of the spine? [2] medical names?
when do each develop? [2]
which vertebrae cause which of these curvatures? [2]

A

what are the curvatures of the spine? [2]
primary curvatures - posterior curvature = kyphosis
secondary curvatures - anterior curvature =lordosis

when do each develop? [2]
Primary curves are retained from the original fetal curvature, while secondary curvatures develop after birth.

which vertebrae cause which of these curvatures? [2]

  • *thoracic: primary
    sacral: primary
    cervical: secondary
    sacral: secondary**
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2
Q
A
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3
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4
Q

what is excessive kyphosis caused by? [1] - which area especially? [1]

what is excessive lordosis caused by? [1] - which area especially? [1]

A

what is excessive kyphosis caused by? [1] - which area especially? [1]
erosion / fracture of anterior part of one or more vertebrae
thoracic areaparticularly effected:thoracic kyphosis
e.g. from OA

what is excessive lordosis caused by? [1] - which area especially? [1]
increased lumbar curvature
anterior rotation of pelvis causes this
can be caused by preg / obesity

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5
Q

what is scoliosis? [1]
which patient group often occurs to? [1]
what is risk of severe scoliosis? [1]

A

what is scoliosis?
- abnormal lateral curvature

which patient group often occurs to? [1]
pubertal girls

what is risk of severe case? [1]
compression of lungs

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6
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7
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8
Q

cervical vertebrae:

unique characteristics? [3]

A

cervical vertebrae:

unique characteristics? [3]

  • **small vertebral body
  • transverse foramina - vertebral artery
  • bifid spinous process**
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9
Q

which vertebrae doesnt have a spinous body?
what is name?

A

C1: no body = Atlas

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10
Q

which vertebrae is this? how can you tell?
label A x

A

Axis: C2 - can tell bc of dens

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11
Q

what are distinguishing features of thoracic vert? [3]

A

what are distinguishing features of thoracic vert? [3]
•Costal facets
•Long inferiorly oriented spinous processes
•Heart-shaped vertebral body

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12
Q

what are distinguishing features of lumbar vert? [2]

A
  • Short square spinous processes
  • Large vertebral bodies
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13
Q

sacral and coccygeal verebrae characterisitcs/

A

5 fused sacral vert

4 fused coccygeal

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14
Q

what are the two different inter-vertebral joints? [2]

A

what are the two different inter-vertebral joints? [2]

  1. inverterbral discs
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15
Q

invertebreal discs:

articular surface made from?
invertebral disc made from?

attachment at anterior and posterior by?

A
  • articular surfaces = hyaline cartilage
  • intervertebral disc = fibrocartilage
  • strong attachment between vert bodies
  • designed for weight bearing and strengh
  • 25% height of vert column
  • posterior and anterior longitudinal ligaments surround !
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16
Q

which is stronger out of anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments ?

A

anterior - bigger = stronger !

17
Q
A
18
Q

inverterbral disc structure:

what is annulus comprised of ? [1]

what is nucleus pulposus comprised of? [3]

A

inverterbral disc structure:

what is annulus comprised of ? [1]
15/20 type 1 collagenous laminae, run obliquely

what is nucleus pulposus comprised of? [3]
type II collagen
water
proteoglycans
around 85% water !!

19
Q

what is innervation & blood supply to IV disc like? [1]
how do IV discs get nutrition? [1]

A

what is innervation & blood supply to IV disc like? [1]
avascular and no innervation

how do IV discs get nutrition? [1]
diffusion across vert body

20
Q
A
21
Q

how does ageing and IV disc occur to nucleus pulposus & annulus fibrosis?

A

degeneration starts in your twenties :(

  • *nucleus pulpsosus dries out: can become compressed more easily !!**
  • loose height
  • disc not as resilient
  • disc doees not absorb shocks well

annulus fibrosus cracks. also gets pushed out more by nucleus pulpsosus

22
Q

how does size of invert disc change throughout spine?

A

The thickness of the discs increases as the vertebral column descends.

  • 3mm in cervical
  • 5mm in thoracic
  • 9-11mm in lumbar
23
Q
A
24
Q

where are you most likely to have a slipped disc? why are they most likely to occur? [2]

A

disc herniation
L4-L5; L5-S1
two IV discs are the biggest: more oxygen poor

25
Q

which part of IV disc comes out when herniated?

A

Nucleus pulposus

26
Q

how does pain occur when have herniated disc? [3]

A

how does pain occur when have herniated disc? [2]

IVD is poorly innervated so pain doesn’t come from the disc itself [1]

Compression of surrounding ligaments causes localised pain [1]

Compression of nerve roots causes numbness, tingling and pain across the respective dermatome

27
Q
A

A: T10
B: C5
C: V1

28
Q

which dermatomes are most commonly affected by herniated disc? [4] why? [1]

which neve is likely to be affected by herniated disc? [1]

A

which dermatomes are most commonly affected by herniated disc? [4] why? [1]
L4, L5, S1 (largest IV discs - most at risk from herniaton)

which neve is likely to be affected by herniated disc? [1]
sciatic nerve - tingly / numbness in back of legs and buttocks

29
Q

whatt type of joint are facet joints? [1]

why are these joints of clinical significane? [2]

A

whatt type of joint are facet joints? [1]​
synovial, plane joints

why are these joints of clinical significane? [1]
they are next to emergence of spinal nerve from VC [1]
when joints are diseased = spinal nerves become compressed

30
Q

purple structure?

role? [3]

A

ligamentum flavum !

  • Extends from lamina above to lamina below of adjacent vertebra
  • Resists separation of the lamina
  • Stops abrupt flexion
  • High elastic content so assists with straightening after flexion
31
Q

what is name of this? [1]

what does it join ? [1]

A

Interspinous ligament

•Joins adjacent spinous processes

Weak more like a thin membrane

32
Q
A
33
Q

what type of joint is atalato-occipital joint?

hinge
plane
condyloid
saddle
pivot

A

what type of joint is atalato-occipital joint?

hinge
plane
condyloid
saddle
pivot

34
Q

what type of joint is C1-C2 joint?

hinge
plane
condyloid
saddle
pivot

which ligament supports this joint? [1]

A

what type of joint is C1-C2 joint?

hinge
plane
condyloid
saddle
pivot

which ligament supports this joint? [1]
transverse ligament

35
Q

what are the movements going on here?

which IV cause each one/

A
36
Q

what are the deep muscles of the back called? [1]
innervation? [1]

A

what are the deep muscles of the back called? [1]
paraspinals

innervation? [1]
dorsal rami of spinal nerves

37
Q
A
38
Q

which muscles cause:

  • spinal flexion [2]
  • spinal extension [2]
  • spinal lateral flexion [5]
  • spinal rotation [4]
A
39
Q

what happens to paraspinal if disc slips?

A

If disc herniates then the paraspinals contract on that side to try and hold things together but that causes that side to shorten and pinch the nerve root.

Locomotor (30 decks)

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