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Locomotor > :P > Flashcards

:P Flashcards

1
Q

which three arteries branch off the internal iliac artery? [3]

which out of ^^ are medial compartment of thigh?
which out of ^^ are posterior compartment of thigh?

A

from which artery does the superior gluteal artery arise from? [1]
internal iliac artery –> superior gluteal artery
internal iliac artery –> inferior gluteal artery
internal iliac artery –> obturator artery

superior & inferior gluteal: posterior region
obturator: medial region

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2
Q

superior and inferior gluteal artery relate to which muscle? [1]

A

superior and inferior gluteal artery relate to which muscle? [1]

piriformis !

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3
Q

where does external iliac artery –> femoral artery? [1]

where do u palpate for femoral artery? [1]

A

where does external iliac artery –> femoral artery? [1]
at inguinal ligament

where do u palpate for femoral artery? [1]
mid inguinal point

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4
Q

at what stage does femoral artery –> popliteal artery? [1]

A

after going through the adductor hiatus

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5
Q

dorsalis pedis pulse can be found lateral to which tendon? [1]

A

extensor hallucis longus (big toe tendon)

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6
Q
A

arcuate artery

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7
Q
A
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8
Q

femoral nerve provides motor supply to which compartment of thigh? [1]
what movement does this cause? [2]
main muscles of anterior [3]

A

femoral nerve provides motor supply to which compartment of thigh? [1]
anterior

what movement does this cause? [2]
flex hip
extend knee

main muscles for ^?
quadriceps
sartoruis
iliopsoas

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9
Q

obturaror nerve provides motor supply to which compartment of thigh? [1]

what movement does this cause? [1]

main muscles of this? [1]

A

obturaror nerve provides motor supply to which compartment of thigh? [1]
medial compartment

what movement does this cause? [1]
adduction of thigh

main muscles of this? [1]
adductors

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10
Q

sciatic nerve provides motor supply to which compartment of thigh? [1]
what movement does this cause? [2]
main muscles of this compartment [3]

A

sciatic nerve provides motor supply to which compartment of thigh? [1]
posterior compartment

what movement does this cause? [2]
extend hip
flex knee

main muscles of this compartment [3]
•Semitendinosus
•Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris (long head

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

which nerves provide sensory innervation to the image? [2]

A
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13
Q

what happens when u get damage to common peroneal nerve? [1]
why? [2]

A

what happens when u get damage to common peroneal nerve? [1]
foot drop
​why? [2]
provides innervation to anterior and lateral compartment of leg - only innervation is to the posterior - unnaposed plantar flexion

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

damage to sciatic nerve is characterised by? [3]

A

oFoot drop

oWasting of hamstrings, calf muscles and dorsiflexors

oLoss of Achilles reflex

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16
Q

a postive trendelenburg test is likely to occur from damage to which nerve?

superior gluteal nerve
inferior gluteal nerve
femoral nerve
common peroneal nerve
superficial peroneal nerve

A

a postive trendelenburg test is likely to occur from damage to which nerve?

superior gluteal nerve
inferior gluteal nerve
femoral nerve
common peroneal nerve
superficial peroneal nerve

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17
Q

anterior leg compartment:

innervation?
movement? [2]
blood supply?

A

anterior leg compartment:

innervation: deep peroneal nerve
movement: dorsiflexion, extension of digits
blood supply: anterior tibial artery

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18
Q

what are the curvatures of the spine? [2] medical names?
when do each develop? [2]
which vertebrae cause which of these curvatures? [2]

A

what are the curvatures of the spine? [2]
primary curvatures - posterior curvature = kyphosis
secondary curvatures - anterior curvature =lordosis

when do each develop? [2]
Primary curves are retained from the original fetal curvature, while secondary curvatures develop after birth.

which vertebrae cause which of these curvatures? [2]

  • *thoracic: primary
    sacral: primary
    cervical: secondary
    sacral: secondary**
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19
Q
A
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20
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21
Q
A
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22
Q

inverterbral disc structure:

what is annulus comprised of ? [1]

what is nucleus pulposus comprised of? [3]

A

inverterbral disc structure:

what is annulus comprised of ? [1]
15/20 type 1 collagenous laminae, run obliquely

what is nucleus pulposus comprised of? [3]
type II collagen
water
proteoglycans
around 85% water !!

23
Q

inverterbral disc structure:

what is annulus comprised of ? [1]

what is nucleus pulposus comprised of? [3]

A

inverterbral disc structure:

what is annulus comprised of ? [1]
15/20 type 1 collagenous laminae, run obliquely

what is nucleus pulposus comprised of? [3]
type II collagen
water
proteoglycans
around 85% water !!

24
Q

how does ageing and IV disc occur to nucleus pulposus [3] & annulus fibrosis? [2]

A

degeneration starts in your twenties :(

nucleus pulpsosus dries out: can become compressed more easily !!

  • *- loose height
  • disc not as resilient
  • disc doees not absorb shocks well**

annulus fibrosus:
cracks
pushed out more by nucleus pulpsosus

25
Q

where does pain occur from slipped disc? [3]

A

how does pain occur when have herniated disc? [2]

IVD is poorly innervated so pain doesn’t come from the disc itself [1]

Compression of surrounding ligaments causes localised pain [1]

Compression of nerve roots causes numbness, tingling and pain across the respective dermatome

26
Q

purple structure?

role? [3]

A

ligamentum flavum !

  • Extends from lamina above to lamina below of adjacent vertebra
  • Resists separation of the lamina
  • Stops abrupt flexion
  • High elastic content so assists with straightening after flexion
27
Q
A
28
Q

which ligament do u find that supports C1/C2?

A

transverse ligament of atlas

29
Q

what are the deep muscles of the back called? [1]
innervation? [1]

A

what are the deep muscles of the back called? [1]
paraspinals

innervation? [1]
dorsal rami of spinal nerves

30
Q

what happens to paraspinal if disc slips?

A

If disc herniates then the paraspinals contract on that side to try and hold things together but that causes that side to shorten and pinch the nerve root.

31
Q
A
32
Q

what is the Z line in sarcomere? [1]

A

what is the Z line in sarcomere? [1]
where the actin thin filament inserts: creates a dark band

33
Q

what is the A band in sarcomere? [1]

what is the I band in sarcomere? [1]

what is the H zone in sarcomere? [1]

what is the M line? [1]

A

what is the A band in sarcomere? [1]
myosin filament - thick filament. some overlap with actin present

what is the M line? [1]
holds the myosin filament in place in sarcomere. no actin present

what is the I band in sarcomere? [1]
actin filament - thin filament

becomes darker on EM when the thick and thin overlap !

34
Q
A
35
Q

what is the role of the t tubule? [1]

A

They allow transmission of the action potential, with its attendant ion shifts, to all parts of the cell, which allows rapid activation of the entire cell

36
Q

what is the enthesis? [1]

A

what is the enthesis? [1]
bone / tendon insertion: tendon to fibrocartilage to calficified fibrocartilage

37
Q
A
38
Q
A
39
Q
A
40
Q

what is A?

A

A = secondary ossification centre

41
Q

describe transition from muscle –> bone [3]

A

muscle; myotendon intersection; enthesis (bone insertion point); bone

what is the enthesis? [1]
bone / tendon insertion: tendon to fibrocartilage to calficified fibrocartilage

42
Q
A
43
Q

which ligament structure stabilises the medial side of ankle? [1]

what does ^ attach to? [3]

what movement does it prevent? [1]

A

which ligament structure stabilises the medial side of ankle? [1]
medial / deltoid ligament

what does ^ attach to? [3]
medial malleoulus of tibia
calcaneus
navicular

what movement does it prevent? [1]
prevents subluxion

44
Q

which 3 ligaments make the the lateral ligament? [3]

which are they clinically significant? [1]

A

which 3 ligaments make the the lateral ligament? [3]
anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
calcaneofibular

which are they clinically significant? [1]
because theyre seperate structures - really likely to tear: lateral collateral ligament tear

45
Q

dorsiflexion and toe extension:

  • innervated by which nerve?
  • which muscles? [3]
  • which compartment of leg? [1]

eversion:

  • innervated by which nerve?
  • which muscles? [2]
  • which compartment of leg? [1]
A

dorsiflexion and toe extension:

  • innervated by which nerve: deep branch of common peroneal nerve
  • which muscles: **tibialis anterior, E. digitorum longus and E. hallicus longus
  • anterior compartment**

eversion

  • innervated by which nerve: superficial branch of common peroneal
  • which muscles: fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
  • lateral compartment
46
Q

which muscles of leg cause foot inversion? [2]

A

which muscles of leg cause foot inversion? [2]
tibialis posterior - deep posterior compatment
tibialis anterior - anterior comparment

47
Q
A
48
Q

which muscles cause inversion of foot? [2]

which muscles cause eversion of foot? [2]

A

which muscles cause inversion of foot? [2]
tibialis anterior
tibialis posterior

which muscles cause eversion of foot? [2]
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis

49
Q

which structures pass under the flxor retincula? [2]

which structures pass under the extensor retincula? [2]

A

which structures pass under the flxor retincula? [2]
tibial nerve
posterior tibial artery

​which structures pass under the extensor retincula? [2]
deep peroneal nerve (fibular nerve)
anterior tibial artery

50
Q

what is arrow pointing to?

A

extensor reticulum

51
Q

what maintains the longitduinal arches? [2]

A
  • *dynamic support**
  • muscle contracts as when required
  • muscle tendons insert into apex of arches - when muscles contracts, pulls apex up & counteract body weight
  • includes intrinsic muscles
  • *passive support**
  • constant & ongoing support
  • due to shape of bones: allows them to interlock
52
Q
A
53
Q

explain the arches of the foot? [3]

A
  • *medial longitudinal arch:**
  • open footprin side: middle of foot isnt it
  • contact with ground: big toe & calcaneous
  • resilient due to large no. of bones
  • *lateral longitudinal arch:**
  • flatter
  • less bones
  • talus transmits body weight through it - weight not central though - either goes forward or backwards

transverse arch:
not a true arch - maintained by some mscles and ligaments as longuitnial arches
- bony fit is particularly good

54
Q

explain the arches of the foot? [3]

A
  • *medial longitudinal arch:**
  • open footprin side: middle of foot isnt it
  • contact with ground: big toe & calcaneous
  • resilient due to large no. of bones
  • *lateral longitudinal arch:**
  • flatter
  • less bones
  • talus transmits body weight through it - weight not central though - either goes forward or backwards

transverse arch:
not a true arch - maintained by some mscles and ligaments as longuitnial arches
- bony fit is particularly good

Locomotor (30 decks)

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