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Locomotor > Ankle and Foot > Flashcards

Ankle and Foot Flashcards

1
Q

tibia and fibula articulate with which bone? [1]

A

tibia and fibula articulate with which bone? [1]
talus

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2
Q

which bones do inversion / eversion movements of foot come from? [1]

A

which bones do inversion / eversion movements of foot come from? [1]
sub talus bones.

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

which movements does the ankle joint mainly permit? [2]

A

which movements does the ankle joint mainly permit? [1]
dorsiflexion & plantarflexion
v small amount of wobble !!

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5
Q

neutral position of foot (on floor), is technically:

plantarflexion
dorisflexion

A

neutral position of foot (on floor), is technically:

plantarflexion
dorisflexion

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6
Q
A
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7
Q

talus is wider or thinner anteriorly?

which side is shorter - medial or lateral malleolus?

A

talus is wider anteriorly
- more stable in dorsiflexion than plantar flexion

which side is shorter: medial malleolus
-more stable ineversion that inversion

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8
Q

which is more stable:

  • plantar flexion
  • dorsi flexion
  • eversion
  • inversion
A

which is more stable:

  • plantar flexion
  • *- dorsi flexion**
  • eversion
  • *- inversion**
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9
Q

which ligament structure stabilises the medial side of ankle? [1]

what does ^ attach to? [3]

what movement does it prevent? [1]

A

which ligament structure stabilises the medial side of ankle? [1]
medial / deltoid ligament

what does ^ attach to? [3]
medial malleoulus of tibia
calcaneus
navicular

what movement does it prevent? [1]
prevents subluxion

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10
Q

which 3 ligaments make the the lateral ligament? [3]

which are they clinically significant? [1]

A

which 3 ligaments make the the lateral ligament? [3]
anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
calcaneofibular

which are they clinically significant? [1]
because theyre seperate structures - really likely to tear: lateral collateral ligament tear

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11
Q

what type of injury is this to ankle?

inversion
eversion

which ligaments would be damaged here? [1]

A

what type of injury is this to ankle?

inversion
​eversion

which ligaments would be damaged here? [1]
lateral ligaments!!

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12
Q

dorsiflexion and toe extension:

  • innervated by which nerve?
  • which muscles? [3]
  • which compartment of leg? [1]

eversion:

  • innervated by which nerve?
  • which muscles? [2]
  • which compartment of leg? [1]
A

dorsiflexion and toe extension:

  • innervated by which nerve: deep branch of common peroneal nerve
  • which muscles: **tibialis anterior, E. digitorum longus and E. hallicus longus
  • anterior compartment**

eversion

  • innervated by which nerve: superficial branch of common peroneal
  • which muscles: fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
  • lateral compartment
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13
Q
A
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14
Q

fyi

A
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15
Q

plantarflexion:

which muscles do this ? - of superficial plexor and deep muscles

A

**plantarflexion:

superficial plexors:**

  • gastrocnemius
  • soleus
  • plantaris
  • *deep muscles: toe flexion**
  • flexor digitorum longus
  • flexor hallucis longus
  • tibialis posterior - also does foot inversion
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16
Q

which muscles of leg cause foot inversion? [2]

A

which muscles of leg cause foot inversion? [2]
tibialis posterior - deep posterior compatment
tibialis anterior - anterior comparment

17
Q
A
18
Q
A

tibial nerve

19
Q
A

toe flexion !

tibial nerve

20
Q

what are the flexor and extensor retinacula?

where found?

A

what are the flexor and extensor retinacula?
​tendon sheath that hold tendons in place as enter foot

where found?
see photo

21
Q

which structures pass under the flxor retincula? [2]

which structures pass under the extensor retincula? [2]

A

which structures pass under the flxor retincula? [2]
tibial nerve
posterior tibial artery

​which structures pass under the extensor retincula? [2]
deep peroneal nerve (fibular nerve)
anterior tibial artery

22
Q

what is arrow pointing to?

A

extensor reticulum

23
Q
A
24
Q
A
25
Q

which muscles cause inversion of foot? [2]

which muscles cause eversion of foot? [2]

A

which muscles cause inversion of foot? [2]
tibialis anterior
tibialis posterior

which muscles cause eversion of foot? [2]
peroneus longus
peroneus brevis

26
Q

which ligaments of foot get stretched out when foot planted, sot that when you take a step, release energy and help lift off?

a) medial side [1]
b) lateral side [2]

A

which ligaments of foot get stretched out when foot planted, sot that when you take a step, release energy and help lift off?

a) medial side: spring ligament
b) lateral side: long and short plantar ligaments

27
Q

what type of movement are the muscles in leg for?

what type of movement are intrinsic muscles of the foot for?

A

what type of movement are the muscles in leg for?
propulsion & power grr

what type of movement are intrinsic muscles of the foot for?
precise movements - constantly contracting and relaxing to respond to dynamic changes
3-4 layers

28
Q

explain the arches of the foot? [3]

A

medial longitudinal arch:
- open footprin side: middle of foot isnt it
- contact with ground: big toe & calcaneous
- resilient due to large no. of bones

lateral longitudinal arch:
- flatter
- less bones
- talus transmits body weight through it - weight not central though - either goes forward or backwards

transverse arch:
not a true arch - maintained by some mscles and ligaments as longuitnial arches
- bony fit is particularly good

29
Q

where is weight distribution in foot?

A

found in medial & longitudinal arch - not the transverse arch !!

30
Q

what maintains the longitduinal arches? [2]

A

dynamic support
- muscle contracts as when required
- muscle tendons insert into apex of arches - when muscles contracts, pulls apex up & counteract body weight
- includes intrinsic muscles

passive support
- constant & ongoing support
- due to shape of bones: allows them to interlock

31
Q
A
32
Q

what are bunions (aka Hallux Valgus)?

A

movement of great toe towards the 2nd toes
inherited or acquired

Locomotor (30 decks)

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