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Locomotor > The Knee > Flashcards

The Knee Flashcards

1
Q
A

A: Rectus femoris muscle

B: Gracilis muscle

C: Adductor magnus

D: femoral artery / vein

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2
Q
A
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3
Q

which is this muscle?

what is it innervated by?

movement?

A

iliopsoas!

femoral nerve

movement: hip flexion - major muscle of hip flexion !!

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4
Q

which is this muscle?

innervation?

movement [2]

A

which is this muscle: sartorius

innervation: femoral nerve

movement [2]: flexes hip AND knee

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5
Q

which are these muscles?

innervation?

movement?

A

which are these muscles: quadriceps

innervation: femoral nerve
movement: The quadriceps all work to extend (straighten) the knee. The rectus femoris also flexes the hip, The vastus medialis adducts the thigh and also extends and externally rotates the thigh and stabilizes the kneecap

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6
Q

which muscles do you find in the anterior compartment of leg? [3]

A

sartoruis
iliopsoas
quadriceps

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7
Q

what type of bone is patella?

A

sesmoid bone

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8
Q

medial compartment of thigh:

  • innervated by?
  • which muscles (dont worry too much)
  • movement?
  • generally, where do they attach proximally and distally?
A

medial compartment of thigh:

  • innervated by: obturator nerve
  • which muscles (dont worry too much):
    i) adductor magnus
    ii) adductor longus
    iii) adductor brevis
    iv) gracilis
  • movement: adduction of leg
  • generally, where do they attach proximally and distally: proximally: pelvis, distally: linea asperea
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9
Q

posterior compartment of thigh:

  • innervated by?
  • which muscles?
  • movement? [2]
  • generally, where do they attach proximally?
A

posterior compartment of thigh:

  • innervated by: tibial division of sciatic nerve
  • which muscles: hamstrings
  • movement: hip extension, knee flexion
  • generally, where do they attach proximally: ischial tuboristy
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10
Q

whats this muscle called?

A

semitendinosus: really long tendon !!

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11
Q

which is muscle A?

A

semitendinosus muscle (bc superior portion is almost aporneurotic)

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

which muscle is A&B?

what are origins of A&B?

A

Bicep femoris

A - long head - comes from common hamstring - ischial tuboristy
B - short head - comes from posterior aspect of femur, laterally

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14
Q

where do the Biceps femoris, Semimembranosus & Semitendinosus attach ? (medially or laterally)?

A

Biceps femoris: laterally
Semimembranosus: medially
Semitendinosus: medially

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15
Q

what are the 3 different muscles that insert at the medial aspect of the knee? [3]

which compartment are they all originally from? [3]

what is name for this meetin of three muscles? [3]

A
  • Sartorius - anterior
  • Gracilis - medial
  • Semitendinosus - posterior

= pes anserinus !!

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16
Q

what are the 3 articulations of knee joint? [3]

which is bone is not part of the knee joint? !!! [1]

A

what are the 3 articulations of knee joint? [3]
–lateral femoral and tibial condyles with corresponding meniscus
–medial femoral and tibial condyles with corresponding meniscus
–patella and femur

fibula not part of knee joint!!

17
Q

where does the stability of the knee joint come from? [2]

A

1 Strength and actions of surrounding muscles and their tendons

2 The ligaments that connect the femur and tibia

18
Q

what is the Q line?

where is at a line between? [2]

what s the angle in men? (compared to vertical) [1]
whats the angle in women? (compared to vertical) [1]

A

Q line: asis –> centre of patella

what s the angle in men: 14 degress
whats the angle in women: 17 degrees

19
Q

whats it called when have a small q angle?
whats it called when you have a large q angle?

which condyle does this cause increased presssure on for small q [1] / large q [1]?

A

whats it called when have a small q angle: genu varum - medial condyle
whats it called when you have a large q angle: genu valgum - lateral condyle

20
Q

which disease gives you a small q angle / genu varum?

A

which disease gives you a small q angle / genu varum?
rickets !

21
Q
A
22
Q
A

bicep tendon is on anterior lateral side !

23
Q

what is a sesamoid bone?

which is the largest?

A

what is a sesamoid bone: bone that develops in ligament

which is the largest?

24
Q
A
25
Q

reflex test of patella: tests which nerve? [1] & which spinal segments[1]

A

reflex test of patella: tests **femoral nerve and spinal segments L2-L4

causes contraction of quads**

26
Q

what are the names of the collateral ligaments of knee? [1]
how do they differ? [1]
which one is more prone to damage? [1]

A

what are the names of the collateral ligaments of knee? [2]
medial/ tibial collateral ligament & fibula collateral ligament

how do they differ? [1]

  • *fibula collateral ligament:** seperate to the knee capsule
  • *tibial collateral ligament:** part of the knee capsule

which one is more prone to damage? [1]
tibial collateral ligament bc if damage the knee it also damages the ligament

27
Q
A
28
Q

what is the role of the cruciate ligaments?

A

connecting the tibia and the femur to prevent displacement of the tibia relative to the femur

29
Q

PCL prevents which movement of the tibia on the femur [1]
ACL prevents which movement of the tibia on the femur [1]

which is stronger - ACL or PCL?

A

PCL prevents posterior movement of the tibia P4P
​ACL prevents anterior movement of the tibia - stops hyperextension

PCL is stronger

30
Q

why do you put in a graft to repair an ACL / PCL tear?
what do they use insread?

A

use a graft bc tendons are avascular

take a graft and put into knee joint

31
Q

what are the menisci of knee? [1]

what are the role? [2]

A

what are the menisci of knee? [1]
Plates of fibrocartilage which deepen the knee joint and help with shock absorption​

what are the role:

  • shock absorbtion
  • help with congruancy
32
Q

what is the medial menisci attached to [2] (anteriorly / posteriorly)

what is the lateral menisici attached to? [1]

A

what is the medial menisci attached to [2]

  • *anteriorly:** ACL
  • *posteriorly:** tibial collateral ligament

what is the lateral menisici attached to? [1]

  • *pcl**
  • *NOT ATTACHED TO LATERAL COLLATERAL LIGAMENT**
33
Q

which ligaments make up the unhappy triad? [3]

A

Tearing of;

  • Medial meniscus
  • ACL
  • Tibial collateral ligament
34
Q

what does the knee also have lots of ? !
why are they clinically significant? [1]
which one is important? [1]

A

knee has lots of bursa - extensions of the knee synovial cavity and are filled with synovial fluid

increase pressure on bursa can cause bersitis

especailly prepatella bursa!

35
Q
A

Locomotor (30 decks)

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