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Locomotor > :O > Flashcards

:O Flashcards

1
Q

sternoclavicular joint:

what type of joint?
what is present for shock absorption?
what type of movements occur?

A

joint type: synovial, saddle joint

shock absoption: articular disc

movements: around 60 degrees when elevate scapula

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2
Q

movements of the shoulder include a combination of movements from which joints [4]?

A

SAGS:

  • sternoclavicular joint
  • acromiclavicular joint
  • glenohumeral joint
  • scapulothrocic joint
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3
Q

what are two prominent features of the glenohumeral joint?

A

glenoid cavity accomodates approx/ 1/3 of the humeral head: means that should can have wider range of movement

inferior joint capusule is lax. allows elevate above head. but means is much weaker than superior portion

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4
Q

what is the shallow glenoid fossa deepened by? [2]

A

-glenoid labrum (fibrocart. ring that surrounds articular surface). helps deepen the socket and support the joint

- long head of the biceps - attaches to superior aspect of labrum

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5
Q

what movements does scapulotharacic joint permit of shoulder?

A

movements: [3]
* *- elevation & depression**
- protraction & retraction
- rotation - important in abduction

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6
Q

what is the scapula-humeral rthym?

A

First 30 degrees of shoulder elevation involves a “setting phase”:

  • the movement is largely glenohumeral.
  • scapulothoracic movement is small and inconsistent.

And after the first 30 degrees of shoulder elevation:

  • The glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joints move simultaneously.
  • Overall 2:1 ratio of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement.

(e.g. when the arm is abducted 180 degrees, 60 degrees by rotation of the scapula & 120 degrees occurs by rotation of the humerus at the glenohumeral joint)

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7
Q

trapezius - where found?

where does it run? [3]

what are the three different fibre parts? [3] what movements do they cause [3]

A

trapezius

runs from occipital bone to bottom of thoracic vertebral. attaches to spine of scapula and clavicle

three parts​

  • descending fibres / suprior fibres = elevate (shrug shoulders)
  • middle fibres = retract scapula
  • ascending / inferior fibres = depress scapula
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8
Q

muscle actions of:

supraspinatus muscle:?
infraspinatus muscle:?
teres minor:?
subscapularis muscle?

A

muscle actions of:

supraspinatus muscle: first 10 degrees of abduction
infraspinatus muscle: external rotation
teres minor: external rotation
subscapularis muscle: internal rotation

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9
Q
A
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10
Q

rotator cuff muscles:
​
which muscles attach to greater tubercle?
which muscles attach to lesser tubercle?

A
  • *greater tubercle:**
  • teres minor
  • supraspinatus muscle
  • ​infraspinatus muscle:
  • *lesser tubercle**
  • subscapularis
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11
Q

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint? [2] what type of movement does this allow?

which bone is it a connection between? [1]

A

what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint? [2]

  • synovial [1]; plane joint [1]
  • gliding movement [1]

what is a connection between? [1]

  • acromonion of scapula
  • clavicle
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12
Q
A
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13
Q

trapezius - where found?

where does it run? [3]

what are the three different fibre parts? [3] what movements do they cause [3]

A

trapezius

runs from occipital bone to bottom of thoracic vertebral. attaches to spine of scapula and clavicle

three parts​

  • descending fibres / suprior fibres = elevate (shrug shoulders)
  • middle fibres = retract scapula
  • ascending / inferior fibres = depress scapula
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14
Q
  • *1. latissimus dorsi muscle**
    2. teres major

runs where to where?
movements? [3]

A

1. latissimus dorsi muscle
runs from lower thoracic vertebra onto the lumbar vertebra & iliac crest. runs from iliac crest to anterior aspect of the humerus

movements:
- extend, adduct and medially rotate the shoulder

2. teres major:
runs from:
- inferior angle of scapula to anterior aspect of humerus

movements:
- extend, adduct and medially rotate the shoulder

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15
Q

where do the the rhomboids and levator scapulae run from?

which movements do they cause?

A

rhomboids
medial aspect of scapula to upper thoracic vertebra. muscle fibres cause retraction of scapula

  • *levator scapulae:**
  • neck to superior aspect of scapular
  • elevates scapula
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16
Q

serratus anterior

where?

movements?

nerve?

A

originates from medial border of the scapula, wraps around thorax to insert on the ribs

  • protraction of scapula when throwing a punch boxers muscle !
    nerve: long thoracic nerve -> is superficial to the muscle which means can get damaged easily !
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17
Q

pectoralis major and minor:

where do they run?

movements?

innervation?

A

pectoralis major:

most superficial: runs from humerus to medial aspect of clavicle, sternum and ribs
two heads: clavicular head & sternocostal head
movment: adduct, flex and medial rotates the shoulder (hugging muscle!)

  • *pectoralis minor:**
  • corocoid process to upper ribs
  • not much movement - stabilises the stable joint

both innervated by pectoral nerves

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18
Q

which muscle initates condcucts the first 10 degrees of abduction?

A

supraspinatus

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20
Q

what are the three muscles found in anterior compartment of upper arm? what do they do?where do they run to?

A

biceps brachii - two heads:
i) one from corocoid process, distally to elbow (short head)
ii) superior border of glenoid fossa, superiorly to elbow
flex shoulder

  • *coracobrachialis**: corocoid process to humerus
  • flex shoulder

brachialis: mid shaft of humerus to elbow

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24
Q

muscles of the arm:

anterior compartment is innervated by?
posterior compartment is innervated by?

A

muscles of the arm:

anterior compartment is innervated by musculocutaneous nerve = flexion
posterior compartment is innervated by radial nerve = extension

26
Q

which is the main muscle of posterior compartment of upper arm?

  • what movement does it cause to shoulder?
  • what are the three different heads?
A

posteior compartment extends the shoulder

triceps brachii:

three heads:

  • *-medial head & lateral head:** humerus to elbow (olecranon process)
  • *-long head**: inferior head of glenoid fossa - olecranon. this is the main one that causes extension of should
27
Q
A
28
Q

nerve roots for brachial plexus?

A

C5-T1

29
Q

describe overview of whole structure of brachial plexus

A

roots: C5, C6, C7, C8 & T1

trunks:
C5 & C6 join together: superior
C7 continues solo: middle
C8 & T1 join together: inferior

Divisions:
Anterior
Posterior

  • *Cords (**named regarding position to axillary artery):
  • lateral (top)
  • posterior
  • medial (bottom)
  • *Branches:**
  • *-** top = Muscular cutaneous
  • axillary
  • median
  • radial
  • ulnar nerve

reach to brink cold beer !!

30
Q
A
31
Q

where do each of the following arrive from?

  • Muscularcutaneous
  • axillary
  • median
  • radial
  • ulnar nerve
A

where do each of the following arrive from?

  • Muscularcutaneous: C5-C7
  • axillary: C5-C6
  • median: C5-T1
  • radial: C5-T1
  • ulnar nerve; 1
32
Q
A
33
Q

which muscles does the musculocutanous motor nerve supply? [3] where is this?

which area does the musculocutanous sesnroy nerve supply? [1]

A

musculocutanous supplies the flexor compartment motor supply:

  • *- bicep brachialis
  • brachialis
  • corachbrachialis**

musculocutanous supplies the flexor compartment sensory supply:
- skin of lateral forarm

34
Q
A
35
Q

describe the path of the median nerve to the hand

which motor muscles does it innervate? [2]

which skin does it provide sensory innervation for? [1]

A

Median nerve path
The median nerve runs medial to biceps brachii with the brachial artery, and runs anteriorly at the cubital fossa to enter the forearm.
It then passes through the carpal tunnel to reach the hand

  • *motor inervation:**
  • supplies the majority of the flexor compartment (2 muscles it doesn’t innervate) causing wrist flexion
  • the thumb
  • *sensory innervation**
  • Sensory fibres innervate the skin over lateral palm, digits 1-3.5
36
Q
A
37
Q

describe the path of the median nerve?

which motor muscles does it innervate? [2]

which skin does it provide sensory innervation for? [3]

A
  • *describe the path of the median nerve to the hand**
  • runs posteriorly all the way down
  • *which motor muscles does it innervate? [2]**
  • tricep brachii
  • all muscles on posterior aspect of arm and forearm - extension of the wrist
  • *which skin does it provide sensory innervation for? [1]**
  • posterior arm to wrist
  • dorsal hand
  • base of digits 1-3 and thumb
38
Q

describe the path of the median nerve?

which motor muscles does it innervate? [2]

which skin does it provide sensory innervation for? [3]

A

describe the path of the ulnar nerve?
- runs medially in the arm and passes posterior the medial epidcondlye

which motor muscles does it innervate? [2]

  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus in forearm

which skin does it provide sensory innervation for? [3]
- medial dorsal and plantar hand, digits 3.5-5

39
Q
A
40
Q

What is Erb’s palsy caused by damage to? [1]
which nerves? [3]
what does it result in? [3]

A

Erbs palsy:

  • *- Damage to the superior trunk of the brachial plexus.**
  • This happens quite commonly in difficult birth (pulling the head away from the upper limb) results in nerve palsy.
  • Damaging C5 and C6 mainly affects musculocutaneous, axillary and medial nerve. It results in:

Adducted shoulder

Medially rotated arm

Extended elbow

41
Q

what is klumpke palsy?

caused by damage from which origins?

looks like?

A
  • *- damage to lower part of the brachial plexus**
    i) difficult birth via pulling baby out by limb
    ii) trying to stop yourself fall from a great height

Affecting C8-T1 mainly affects ulnar nerve and part of the median nerve, so the main problems occur in the small muscles within the hand, and a claw hand results

42
Q

what is 1 & 2?

A

2 coracobrachialis
1. brachialis

43
Q

which bone does bicep brachi attach to distally? [1]
where does bicep brachi attach medially? [2]

which bone does brachialis attach to distally? [1]

A

which bone does bicep brachi attach to distally? [1] radius

2 heads:
i) short head - found medially. attaches to corocoid process
ii) long head - found laterally L4L. attaches to supraglenoid tubercle

which bone does brachialis attach to distally? [1]
ulna! (coronoid process)3

44
Q

which muscles are used to flex your forarm when:

a) pronated
b) supinated

A

pronated forearm - brachialis used to flex elbow joint

supinated forarm - brachiali and bicep brachii flex elbow joints

45
Q
A

A: short head of bicep brachii
B: radial nerve
C: brachial artery
D: tricep (long head)
E: musculocutaneous nerve

46
Q

capitulum articulates with which bone? [1]
trochlea articualtes with which bone? [1]

A

capitulum articulates with which bone? [1]
- radius

trochlea articualtes with which bone? [1]
- ulnar

47
Q

which ligaments do we find around elbow joint [3] what do they help cause movement of ? [3]

A

ligaments:

  • radial collateral ligament
  • ulnar collateral ligaments
  • *reinforce hinge movement**

anular ligament: encircles the head of the radius and keeps in the radial notch of the ulnar: creates proximal radioulnar joint - pronation and supination of the formarm

48
Q
A
49
Q

which ligament is commonly torn in young girls?

Ulnohumeral joint
Radio humeral joint
Proximal radioulnar joint

why?

A

which ligament is commonly torn in young girls?

Ulnohumeral joint
Radio humeral joint
Proximal radioulnar joint

bc annular ligament if loosely attached to the ulnar in infants

50
Q

which muscles are used for flexion and extension of elbow joint?

A
51
Q

what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A

Boundaries of the cubital fossa:

  • superior border: line from the lateral to the medial epicondyle
  • flexor muscles of the forearm and the bracioradialias acting as borders also.
52
Q

what are the boundaries of the cubital fossa?

A

Boundaries of the cubital fossa:

  • superior border: line from the lateral to the medial epicondyle
  • flexor muscles of the forearm and the bracioradialias acting as borders also.
53
Q
A

Locomotor (30 decks)

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