Histology of Muscle Tissue Flashcards
what are clusters of specialised elongated cells that have a primary role of contraction called? [1]
what are two muscle filament types? [2]
what are the two principle types of muscle? [2]
what are clusters of specialised elongated cells that have a primary role of contraction called? [1]
myofilaments
what are two muscle filament types? [2]
thin filaments: actin
thick filaments: myosin
what are the two principle types of muscle? [2]
- *striated**
- *smooth muscle**
what are the three types of striated muscle? (based on location) [3]
what are the three types of striated muscle? (based on location) [3]
skeletal muscle
visceral striated muscle: identical to skeletal muscle but restricted to soft tissue such as tongue, pharnyx, lumbar part of diaphragm
cardiac muscle
skeletal muscle:
- each cell is called what? [1]
- what is its nucleation like? [1]
- how is it formed?
skeletal muscle:
- each cell is called: muscle fibre
- what is its nucleation like: multinucleated syncytium - many peripheral nuclei
- how is it formed: fusion of small, indivuadual muscle cells called myoblasts
skeletal muscle:
- WHAT surrounds individual fibres and bundle? [1]
- what does ^ form at the end of the muscle to attach to bone? [1]
skeletal muscle:
- CT surrounds individual fibres and bundle?
- CT forms fascia at the end of the muscle to attach to bone [1]
what are the three different layers of CT found in skeletal muscle? [3]
explain basic structure
what are the three different layers of CT found in skeletal muscle? [3]
- endomysium: around each individual fibre. small BV and neuronal brances in parralel
- perimysium: thicker CT around group of fibres (bundle or fasicle). large BV travel through
- epimysium: DCT around whole muscle - vascular and nerve supply penetrates
whats going on here?
skeletal muscle –> tendon
what are three types of skeletal muscle? [3]
what do they contain / not contain?
what are three types of skeletal muscle? [3]
- slow type I: large amount of myoglobin and mitochondria. high endurance
- intermediate type IIa: many mitochondrian & myoglobin. large glycogen 4 anaerobic glycolysis. medium distance runners
- fast type IIb: less myo & mito. high anaerobic . high glycogen: sprinters and weight lifers
how do you stain fast. intermediate . slow muscle fibres? [1]
how do you stain fast. intermediate . slow muscle fibres? [1]
use NADH-TR (not H&E) !!
how do fast. intermediate . slow muscle fibres appaear histologically? [3]
slow: dark
intermediate: fast
fast: light
a muscle fibre is filled with WHAT? [1]
what is make up of this ^? [2]
a muscle fibre is filled with myofibrils [1]
made from polymers of myosin (thick) & actin (thin) filaments
a sarcomere is distance between which lines?
A sarcomere is defined as the distance between the Z-lines.
skelela fibres are richly innervated by which type of neurons? [1]
what is the name of the junction of ^? [1]
skelela fibres are richly innervated by motor neurons
junction name: neuromuscular junction
developing muscle contains two types of myoblast - what are they? [2]
early myoblast: form the primary myotubules betwen tendons and developing muscle. primary myotubules differentiate into mature muscle fibres
laye myoblast: give rise to secondary myotubes near the innervated zone of developing muscle, where myotubes have direct contact with nerve terminals
what are the cells called that are responsible for the ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate? [1]
where found? [1]
activated by? [1]
* give rise to ? *
what are the cells called that are responsible for the ability of skelelat muscle to regenerate: satellite cells
where found: between plasma membrane of muscle fibre and external lamina
activated by: injury
give rise to: myoblasts !!
what is a, b c?
A = skeletal muscle
B = smooth muscle
C = cardiac muscle
what is unique about cardiac muscle? [2]
what is orientation like?
what is unique about cardiac muscle? [2]
nuclei centre in middle
intercalalted discs
orientation:
branched fibres
what is smooth muscle cytoskeleton made from?
in smooth muscle - where do you find the thick[1] and thin filaments? [1]
what is smooth muscle cytoskeleton made from?
intermediate filaments running obliquely. connected by dense bodies
where do you find the thick[1] and thin filaments? [1]
- *thick:** scattered throughout sarcoplasm of cell
- *thin:** attached to dense bodies
