Nerves of the arm Flashcards
at what point does the subclavian artery turn into the axillary artery? [1]
at what point does the axially artery turn into the brachial artery? [1]
at what point does the subclavian artery turn into the axillary artery? [1]
lateral border of the first rib
at what point does the axially artery turn into the brachial artery? [1]
at point of teres major muscle
at what point does the brachial artery bifurcate into radial and ulnar arteries? [1]
at what point does the brachial artery bifurcate into radial and ulnar arteries? [1]
- at elbow
which arteries, found in the hand, do the ulnar [1] & radius [1] arteries supply?
radial artery gives rise to deep palmar arch
ulnar artery gives rise to superficial palmar arch
collateral vessels are found around joints to allow WHAT?
collateral vessels are found around joints to allow continous blood supply during movement at the joint
where do you find superficial veins in upper limb? [1]
where do you find deep veins in upper limb? [1]
where do you find superficial veins in upper limb? [1]
- superficial fascia
where do you find deep veins in upper limb? [1]
- within the muscular compartments and have same name as their arteires
3 main superficial veins of upper arm? [3]
what is the brachial plexus?
which nerves does it arise from? [5]
what is the brachial plexus?
- major network of nerves which provides sensory and motor innervation to the upper limb
which nerves does it arise from? [5]
C5, C6, C7, C8 & T1
describe overview of whole structure of brachial plexus
roots: C5, C6, C7, C8 & T1
trunks:
C5 & C6 join together: superior
C7 continues solo: middle
C8 & T1 join together: inferior
Divisions:
Anterior
Posterior
- *Cords (**named regarding position to axillary artery):
- lateral (top)
- posterior
- medial (bottom)
- *Branches:**
- *-** top = Muscular cutaneous
- axillary
- median
- radial
- ulnar nerve
reach to brink cold beer !!
what are the 5 branches of brachial plexus?
- Muscularcutaneous
- axillary
- median
- radial
- ulnar nerve
most alcoholics must really urinate !
What is the best way to id the different nerves?
Musculocutaneous, median & ulnar are anterior to axillary artery & form M shape
Behind axillary artery: **
superior - axillary, inferior - radial**
where do each of the following arrive from?
- Muscularcutaneous
- axillary
- median
- radial
- ulnar nerve
where do each of the following arrive from?
- Muscularcutaneous: C5-C7
- axillary: C5-C6
- median: C5-T1
- radial: C5-T1
- ulnar nerve; C8-T1
median nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
Which group of muscles does the musculocutaneous nerve supply? [1]
Name the muscles [3]
Where is the sensory area that the musculocutaneous arm supplies? [1]
musculocutanous supplies the flexor compartment motor supply:
- bicep brachialis
- brachialis
- corachbrachialis
musculocutanous supplies the flexor compartment sensory supply:
- skin of lateral forarm
If you did damage the musculocutaneous nerve: what movement would be impeded? [1]
If you did damage the musculocutaneous nerve: problems flexing the arm
Axillary nerve
Which muscles are supplied by axillary nerve? [2]
The axillary nerve provides sensory innervation to skin in which location? [1]
Muscles:
* deltoid
* teres minor
Sensory:
skin over deltoid muscle (regimental patch)
which of the nerves from brachial plexus, if damaged, would result in a loss of shoulder abduction beyond 15 degrees?
- Muscularcutaneous
- axillary
- median
- radial
- ulnar nerve
which of the nerves from brachial plexus, if damaged, would result in a loss of shoulder abduction beyond 15 degrees?
axillary
Median nerve
Describe the path of the median nerve to the hand [3]
Which muscles does median nerve supply motor innervation to? [2]
Which area of skin does median nerve provide sensory innervation for? [1]
Path:
* medial to biceps brachii with the brachial artery
* then runs anteriorly at the cubital fossa to enter the forearm.
* It then passes through the carpal tunnel to reach the hand
Motor:
- supplies the majority of the flexor compartment - wrist flexion
- thumb
Sensory:
-Sensory fibres innervate the skin over lateral palm, digits 1-3.
Radial nerve
Describe the path of the radial nerve [1]
Which muscles does the radial nerve supply motor innervation to [2]
which skin does it provide sensory innervation for? [3]
Path:
- runs posteriorly all down arm
Motor innervation:
* tricep brachii
- all muscles on posterior aspect of arm and forearm -
Movement:
- extension of the wrist
Sensory innervation:
* posterior arm to wrist
- dorsal hand
- base of digits 1-3 and thumb
Ulnar nerve
Describe the path of the ulnar nerve [1]
Which muscles does the ulnar nerve provide motor innervation to? [2]
Where does ulnar nerve provide sensory innervation to [3]
Path:
- runs medially in the arm and passes posterior the medial epidcondlye
Motor innervation:
* flexor carpi ulnaris
* ulnar half of flexor digitorum profundus in forearm
Sensory innervation:
- medial dorsal and plantar hand, digits 3.5-5
What is Erb’s palsy caused by damage to? [1]
which nerves? [3]
what does it result in? [3]
Erbs palsy:
- Damage to the superior trunk of the brachial plexus.
- This happens quite commonly in difficult birth (pulling the head away from the upper limb) results in nerve palsy.
- Damaging C5 and C6 mainly affects musculocutaneous, axillary and medial nerve. It results in:
- Adducted shoulder
- Medially rotated arm
- Extended elbow
What is klumpke palsy? [1]
State two reasons for occurance of klumpke palsy [2]
Which spinal cord levels are effected? [1]
Which nerves are mainly effected? [2]
How does it present? [1]
damage to lower part of the brachial plexus
i) ** difficult birth via pulling baby out by limb**
ii) trying to stop yourself fall from a great height
Affecting C8-T1 mainly affects ulnar nerve and part of the median nerve, so the main problems occur in the small muscles within the hand, and a claw hand results
Name 3 important nerves from brachial plexus that do not do not enter the upper limb? [3]
State which muscles do they provide motor innervation for?
Long Thoracic: C5, C6, C7. This innervates the serratus anterior muscle, which is important in keeping your scapula attached to your thoracic cage. C5,6,7, wings to heaven (damage to this causes winged scapula)
Thoracodorsal: C6, C7, C8. This supplies the Latissimus dorsi.
Suprascapular: C5, C6 This innervates the _Supraspinatus, infraspinatu_s (other rotator cuff innervated by axillary nerve)
radial nerve
