Functional anatomy of upper limb Flashcards
wheres the thenar eminence and hypothenar eminence
which bone / bones articulate with the scaphoid & lunate?
just the radius!
why is the scaphoid a clinically significant bone? [2]
has a retrograde artery (comes in proximally and comes out distally)
if you get a fracture -> portion becomes avascular and necrotic
what movement does the radio-carpal bone permit? [2]
what movement does the mid-carpal bone permit? [2]
what movement does carpo-metacarpal bone permit? [2]
what movement does the radio-carpal bone permit? [2]
- *- flexion & extension
- adbuct & adduct**
what movement does the mid-carpal bone permit? [2]
- *- flexion & extension
- adbuct & adduct**
what movement does carpo-metacarpal bone permit? [2]
- **opposition of thumb
- very limited other movement**
what movements does the MCP joint permit? [2]
what movements does the PIP joint permit? [2]
what movements does the DIP joint permit? []
what movements does the MCP joint permit? [2]
- *- flex & extend
- abduct & adduct**
what movements does the PIP joint permit? [2]
- *- flex & extend
- abduct & adduct**
what movements does the DIP joint permit? [1]
- flex & extend
(thumb)
abducted & extended
what are the characteristics of power grip?
and subtypes? [3]
- *power grip**
- all fingers flexed around object, thumb curled around to press agaisnt / meet fingers
- all muscles closing hand are active
- wrist extensors are active - stable base
- most primitive (new borns can do)
i) hook or snap
ii) cylindrical grasp
iii) spherical grasp
what are the two main types of grip? [2]
which is more complex to perfom?
- power grip
- precision grip - more complex
what do patients with radial nerve palsy struggle to be able to do?
why?
what do patients with radial nerve palsy struggle to be able to do?
- power grip
why?
- wrist extensors are active when performing a power grip - causes stabilisation
power
what are 4 muscles of thenar emincence? & innervation?
- flexor pollicis brevis - median nerve
- oppenens pollicis - median nerve
- abductor pollicis brevis - median nerve
- adductor pollicis - ulnar nerve
flexor digit minimi
oppenens digiti minimi
abductor digiti minimi
which muscles are your lumbricles?
- which muscle do they arise from?
- what movements do they cause of MCP [1] & IP [1]?
- innervation/
which muscles are your lumbricles?
which muscle do they arise from:
- flexor digitorum profundus
what movements do they cause of MCP [1] & IP [1]
- MCP: FLEX
- IP: EXTENSION
innervation
2 median, 2 ulnar
which muscles are your dorsal interossei?
- what movements do they cause of fingers?
innervation?
dorsal interssei ABduct: DAB
cause abduction of fingers
ulnar innervation
which muscles are your palmar interossei?
- what movements do they cause of fingers?
innervation?
which muscles are your palmar interossei?
what movements do they cause of fingers: adduction - PAD !
innervation ulnar nerve
intrinsic muscles of the hand:
hypothenar eminence, medial 2 lumbricles, all dorsal and palamar interossei & adductor pollicis are innverated by which nerve?
thenar eminence & lateral 2 lumbricles are innverated by which nerve?
hypothenar eminence, medial 2 lumbricles, all dorsal and palamar interossei & adductor pollicis are innverated by ulnar nerve
thenar eminence & lateral 2 lumbricles are innverated by: median nervce
fyi !
fyi
innervation of median nerve at supracondylar fractures of the humerus causes what?
- ask a patient to make a fist, can flex 4 & 5 (bc innervated by ulnar nerve), but cant flex the first three digits (MCP joints, 2&3 PIP joints & 2&3 DIP joints)
fyi
what does high ulnar nerve injury cause?
what does low ulnar nerve injury cause?
high ulnar nerve injury: all muscles lost - neutral position
what does low ulnar nerve injury: clawing of the hand
= ulnar paradox !! bc higher up injury = less bad outcome
which nerves provide the sensory innervation of the following places?
ulnar nerve - low
radial
median
ulnar
