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Cardiovascular > Vavular Heart Disease > Flashcards

Vavular Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment for mitral stenosis?

A

diuretics, treat atrial fibrillation, replacement, balloon valvuloplasty - widens narrow heart valve

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2
Q

What are the signs of mitral regurgitation?

A

displaced apex, pansystolic murmur - can radiate to axilla, cardiomegaly on CXR

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3
Q

What is seen on CXR in mitral regurgitation?

A

cardiomegaly

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4
Q

What are the causes of aortic regurgitation?

A

endocarditis, connective tissue disease, rheumatic, annular dilatation, Marfans, aortic dissection

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5
Q

Pros, cons and indications for bio-prosthetic/tissue valves?

A

no warfarin, last 10 years, older patients

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of aortic regurgitation?

A

dyspnoea, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

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7
Q

When is trans-catheter aortic valve replacement used?

A

co-morbidity, previous sternotomy

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8
Q

What happens in trans-catheter valve replacement?

A

replacement valve wedged into damaged valves place without removing damaged valves

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9
Q

What is syncope?

A

temporary loss in consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure

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10
Q

What murmur is heard in mitral stenosis?

A

mid diastolic rumbling murmur - localised to apex

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11
Q

What are the causes of mitral regurgitation?

A

prolapse, myxomatous (floppy) leaflets, endocarditis, rheumatic, chordae or papillary muscles rupture, annular (ring-shaped) dilatation

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12
Q

What is the treatment for mitral regurgitation?

A

diuretics, ACE inhibitors, surgery

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of mitral stenosis?

A

dyspnoea, fatigue, palpitations

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14
Q

What are the symptoms of mitral regurgitation?

A

dyspnoea, peripheral oedema, fatigue

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15
Q

What is seen on CXR in mitral stenosis?

A

straight left heart border

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16
Q

What is the treatment for aortic stenosis?

A

no drugs work, surgery

17
Q

What murmur is heard in aortic stenosis?

A

ejection systolic murmur - can radiate to carotids

18
Q

What is seen on CXR in aortic regurgitation?

A

cardiomegaly

19
Q

What are the signs of aortic regurgitation?

A

collapsing pulse, wide pulse pressure, displaced apex, early diastolic murmur left sternal edge, cardiomegaly on CXR

20
Q

What condition can result from aortic stenosis?

A

left ventricular hypertrophy

21
Q

What are the signs of mitral stenosis?

A

malar flush on cheeks - due to decreased CO, tapping apex beat, mid diastolic rumbling murmur localised to apex, low volume pulse, atrial fibrillation, left heart border on CXT

22
Q

What is the treatment for aortic regurgitation?

A

ACE inhibitors, surgery

23
Q

What are the signs of aortic stenosis?

A

low volume pulse, forceful displaced apex, ejection systolic murmur - can radiate to carotids

24
Q

What murmur is heard in aortic regurgitation?

A

early diastolic murmur left sternal edge

25
Q

What are the causes of mitral stenosis?

A

rheumatic

26
Q

What are the causes of aortic stenosis?

A

calcification, bicuspid valve - congenital, rheumatic

27
Q

What is orthopnoea?

A

shortness of breath when lying flat

28
Q

Why is valve replacement the preferred therapy?

A

no contra-indications, CABG at the same time

29
Q

What murmur is heard in mitral regurgitation?

A

pansystolic murmur - can radiate to axilla

30
Q

What is balloon valvotomy?

A

widening of valve stiff from calcification

31
Q

Pros, cons and indications for mechanical prosthetic valves?

A

last long, anticoagulant for life, younger patients

32
Q

What are the symptoms of aortic stenosis?

A

breathlessness, chest pain - may mimic angina pain - insufficient CO to match demand, dizziness, syncope

33
Q

What are the characteristics of an innocent ejection murmur?

A

Murmurs localised to the left sternal edge, with no diastolic component, no radiation and no parasternal thrill

Cardiovascular (37 decks)

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