Stroke

Question 1

What types of stroke are ischaemic?

Answer 1

thrombotic, atheroembolism, cardioembolism, hyoperfusion

Question 2

What is the secondary prevention for atheroembolic or thrombotic strokes?

Answer 2

antiplatelets, statins, diabetes management, hypertension management, lifestyle advice

Question 3

What is the secondary prevention of a stroke due to atrial fibrillation?

Answer 3

anticoagulated asap - warfarin, direct oral acting anticoagulants

Question 4

What type of clots are found in cardioembolic strokes?

Answer 4

clotting factor rich clots

Question 5

What is a carotid endarterectomy?

Answer 5

correcting stenosis in the carotid arteries

Question 6

What is the mechanism of a haemorrhagic stroke?

Answer 6

raised blood pressure - weakened vessel walls - structural abnormalities or inflammation

Question 7

What is a transient ischaemic attack?

Answer 7

resolves within 24hrs - arteries capable of dissolving small clots, increases risk of stroke

Question 8

What is the mechanism of a cardioembolic stroke?

Answer 8

embolism from clot formed in heart - infarcts in more than one arterial territory

Question 9

What is the mechanism of an atheroembolic stroke?

Answer 9

embolism from thrombus forming an atherosclerotic plaque - infarct same side as affected carotid artery

Question 10

What is the surgical management?

Answer 10

haematoma evacuation, relief of intracranial pressure, carotid endarterectomy

Question 11

What is the mechanism of a hypoperfusion stroke?

Answer 11

reduced blood flow - stenosed artery

Question 12

What type of clot is found in an atheroembolic stroke?

Answer 12

platelet rich clots

Question 13

What is the treatment for an ischaemic stroke?

Answer 13

thrombolysis - <4.5hrs - dissolves clot, thrombectomy - <6hrs - clot removed via catheter

Question 14

What are the risk factors for a cardioembolic stroke?

Answer 14

atrial fibrillation, left ventricular hypertrophy