Heart Sounds Flashcards
1
Q
What causes S1?
A
closure of mitral and tricuspid valves
2
Q
When is S1 soft?
A
long PR interval, mitral regurgitation
3
Q
When is S1 loud?
A
mitral stenosis
4
Q
What causes S2?
A
closure of aortic and pulmonary valves
5
Q
When is S2 soft?
A
aortic stenosis
6
Q
What sound is normally split during inspiration?
A
S2
7
Q
What causes S3?
A
diastolic filling of the ventricle
8
Q
What sounds are heard in a healthy heart?
A
S1, S2 and S3 if <30 years old
9
Q
What might S3 be heard in?
A
ventricular failure, constrictive pericarditis (pericardial knock), mitral regurgitation
10
Q
What causes S4?
A
atrial contraction against a stiff ventricle
11
Q
What might S4 be heard in?
A
aortic stenosis, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, hypertension
12
Q
Why might there be a double apex beat in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
A
palpable S4
