Heart Failure

Question 1

What are the symptoms of left sided heart failure?

Answer 1

dyspnoea, orthopnoea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea, pulmonary oedema, cold peripheries

Question 2

What are the causes of right sided heart failure?

Answer 2

secondary to left heart failure, cor pulmonale - pulmonary hypertension, congenital heart disease, tricuspid valve regurgitation

Question 3

How does pulmonary oedema present?

Answer 3

pink, frothy sputum

Question 4

What are the signs of left sided heart failure?

Answer 4

tachycardia, fine crepitations, pleural effusion, S3, gallop rhythm

Question 5

Why can cor pulmonale cause right sided heart failure?

Answer 5

any severe lung disease puts a strain on right side of the heart

Question 6

What are the causes of left sided heart failure?

Answer 6

ischaemic heart disease, MIs, cardiomyopathy, valvular disease

Question 7

What is gallop rhythm?

Answer 7

S3 + tachycardia

Question 8

What is seen on the CXR of someone with right sided heart failure?

Answer 8

normal

Question 9

What is seen on a CXR of someone with left sided heart failure?

Answer 9

cardiomegaly, bat wing shadows, interstitial fluid

Question 10

What are the signs of right sided heart failure?

Answer 10

ankle and sacral oedema, JVP elevated >4cm above sternal angle, hepatomegaly, ascites

Question 11

What are the symptoms of right sided heart failure?

Answer 11

oedema, nausea

Question 12

What causes fine crepitations?

Answer 12

fluid spread throughout the lungs