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Cardiovascular > Cardiac Infections > Flashcards

Cardiac Infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main cause of myocarditis?

A

enteroviruses

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2
Q

What is the meaning of dehiscence?

A

rupture

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3
Q

What is the specific treatment for Staph. aureus (MSSA) endocarditis?

A

IV flucloxacillin

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4
Q

What is used to diagnosis infective endocarditis?

A

two separate positive blood cultures and an echocardiogram

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5
Q

What is microscopic haematuria?

A

red blood cells in urine, dipstick test

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of myocarditis?

A

fever, chest pain, dyspnoea, palpations

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7
Q

What is the specific treatment for MRSA endocarditis?

A

IV vancomycin and IV gentamicin, oral rifampicin after 3-5 days

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8
Q

What are Janeway lesions?

A

non-tender lesions on palms or soles

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9
Q

What is the pathogenesis of infective endocarditis?

A

heart valve damaged - turbulent blood flow over roughened epithelium - platelets/fibrin exposed - bacteraemia - organisms settle in fibrin/platelet thrombi - become a microbial vegetation - friable - break off - lodge in capillary bed - abscess or haemorrhage

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10
Q

What are the symptoms of infective endocarditis?

A

fever, malaise, weight loss, tiredness, dyspnoea

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11
Q

What is the empirical treatment for prosthetic valve endocarditis?

A

IV vancomycin and IV gentamicin, oral rifampicin after 3-5 days

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12
Q

What is the specific treatment for Viridans strep. endocarditis?

A

IV benzylpenicillin and IV gentamicin (synergistic)

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13
Q

What is the echocardiographic evidence of infective endocarditis?

A

valvular lesions, vegetation, abscess, new partial dehiscence of a prosthetic valve

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14
Q

What cardiac infection is a cause of sudden death?

A

myocarditis

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15
Q

What are the signs of myocarditis?

A

arrhythmias, cardiac failure

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16
Q

What cardiac infection is more common in young people?

A

myocarditis

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17
Q

What is myocarditis?

A

inflammation of heart muscle

18
Q

What is the main cause of pericarditis?

A

viruses

19
Q

What are Roth spots?

A

retinal haemorrhages with white or pale centres

20
Q

What is the specific treatment for Staph. epidermis endocarditis?

A

IV vancomycin, IV gentamicin and oral rifampicin

21
Q

What is infective endocarditis?

A

infection of the endothelium of the heart valve, usually left sided

22
Q

What is the specific treatment for Enterococcus sp. endocarditis?

A

IV amoxicillin/vancomycin and IV gentamicin

23
Q

What are the signs of infective endocarditis?

A

fever, new/changing heart murmur, finger clubbing, splinter haemorrhages, Roth spots, Janeway lesions, Osler nodes, microscopic haematuria

24
Q

What are the symptoms of pericarditis?

A

chest pain

25
Q

What does pericarditis often occur with?

A

myocarditis

26
Q

What can cause bacteraemia?

A

dental treatment

27
Q

What is associated with endocarditis in PWID?

A

septic pulmonary emboli

28
Q

When does early prosthetic valve endocarditis occur?

A

within 60 days of insertion

29
Q

What is the most common cause of endocarditis in PWID?

A

Staph. aureus

30
Q

What are the risk factors for infective endocarditis?

A

heart valve abnormality, prosthetic heart valve, PWID, IV lines

31
Q

What is the empirical treatment for endocarditis in PWID?

A

IV flucloxacillin - usually MSSA

32
Q

What side of the heart is affected in endocarditis in PWID?

A

right

33
Q

What are the most common causes of early prosthetic valve endocarditis?

A

Staph. epidermidis or aureus

34
Q

What is the empirical treatment for native valve endocarditis?

A

IV amoxicillin and IV gentamicin - usually Viridans strep.

35
Q

How is myocarditis diagnosed?

A

viral PCR, throat swab and stool for enterovirsues, throat swab for influenza

36
Q

How is endocarditis treated?

A

IV antibiotics for 4-6 weeks, monitor cardiac function, temperature and CRP, if falling on antibiotics refer for surgery early

37
Q

What is the treatment for myocarditis?

A

supportive treatment

38
Q

What are Osler nodes?

A

painful, red lesions on hands and feet

39
Q

What are the common organisms that cause infective endocarditis?

A

Viridans strep., Staph. aureus, Enterococcus sp., Staph. epidermidis

40
Q

What is the most common cause of infective endocarditis?

A

Staph. aureus

41
Q

What is the most common cause of infective endocarditis associated with poor dental hygiene or after dental procedures?

A

Strep. viridans

Cardiovascular (37 decks)

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