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Cardiovascular > Common Drugs > Flashcards

Common Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are cardio- selective beta blockers used in?

A

angina, hypertension, heart failure

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2
Q

How can warfarin induced haemorrhage be reversed?

A

vitamin K

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3
Q

What are rate limiting calcium antagonists used in?

A

hypertension and angina - rare - block AV node conduction to a degree, used if supraventricular arrhythmias are also present - AF or SVT - want to block AV node conduction to a degree - stop arrhythmia spreading to ventricles

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4
Q

What are the side effects of anti-platelets?

A

haemorrhage, peptic ulcer already present - haemorrhage - give drug to cure ulcer at the same time, aspirin sensitivity can cause asthma - rare

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5
Q

Give an example of an ARB

A

losartan - all end in artan

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6
Q

What are ACE inhibitors used in?

A

hypertension, heart failure

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7
Q

What are the side effects of amiodarone?

A

phototoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis, hypo or hyper thyroidism

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of alpha blockers?

A

block alpha adrenoceptors - cause vasodilation

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9
Q

What is the effect of digoxin?

A

decreases AV node conduction velocity

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10
Q

What are the side effects of ARBs?

A

renal dysfunction, no cough - if ACE inhibitors cause cough switch to ARB

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11
Q

What are ARBs used in?

A

hypertension, heart failure

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12
Q

Give an example of a thiazide diuretic

A

bendrofluazide

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13
Q

How is heparin administered?

A

IV

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14
Q

What are dihydropyridines used in?

A

hypertension, angina, not heart failure

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15
Q

What are the side effects of alpha blockers?

A

postural hypotension

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16
Q

Give an example of a cardio-selective beta blocker?

A

atenolol

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17
Q

What is the effect of anti-platelets and anticoagulants?

A

prevent new thrombosis

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18
Q

What are the side effects of statins?

A

myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure

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19
Q

Why should there be 8 nitrate free hours a day?

A

prevent development of tolerance

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?

A

block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II - cause vasodilation

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21
Q

Give examples of anti-platelets

A

aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel

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22
Q

What are nitrates used in?

A

angina, acute heart failure

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23
Q

What are the side effects of fibrinolytic drugs?

A

serious risk of haemorrhage

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24
Q

What are the side effects of diuretics?

A

hypokalaemia - fatigue and arrhythmias, hyperglycaemia in diabetics, increased uric acid - gout, impotence

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25
Q

What is the mechanism of action of dabigatran?

A

thrombin factor IIa inhibitor

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26
Q

Give an example of a dihydropyridine

A

amlodipine

27
Q

What are the classes of calcium antagonists?

A

dihydropyridines, rate limiting calcium antagonists

28
Q

Why should rate limiting calcium antagonists and beta blockers not be used together?

A

both block AV node conduction to a degree - can cause heart block

29
Q

Give an example of a fibrate

A

bezafibrate

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of diuretics?

A

block Na+ reabsorption in kidneys - increases urine volume

31
Q

Give an example of an alpha blocker

A

doxazosin

32
Q

Give examples of fibrinolytic drugs

A

streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)

33
Q

Give examples of anticoagulants

A

heparin, warfarin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran

34
Q

What do cardio-selective beta blockers block?

A

only beta 1

35
Q

When should fibrinolytic drugs be avoided?

A

recent haemorrhage - some strokes, trauma, bleeding tendencies, severe diabetic retinopathy - could lead to blindness, peptic ulcer

36
Q

How does digoxin cause ventricular arrhythmias?

A

increases ventricular irritability - narrow therapeutic index

37
Q

What is the effect of fibrinolytic drugs?

A

dissolve formed clot

38
Q

What drugs should never be used in pregnancy induced hypertension?

A

ACE inhibitors and ARBs - toxic to the foetus

39
Q

Give examples of rate limiting calcium antagonists

A

verapamil, diltiazem

40
Q

What is the mechanism of action of a statin?

A

blocks HMG CoA reductase

41
Q

What are statins used in?

A

hypercholesterolaemia. diabetes, angina, MI, stroke, TIA, high CVS risk

42
Q

Give examples of nitrates

A

isosorbide mononitrate, GTN

43
Q

Give an example of a loop diuretic

A

furosemide

44
Q

What are fibrates used in?

A

hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol

45
Q

What are anticoagulants used in?

A

deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, NSTEMI, atrial fibrillation, post operation

46
Q

What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?

A

cough, renal dysfunction, angioneurotic oedema

47
Q

What are thiazide diuretics used in?

A

hypertension

48
Q

What are anti-platelets used in?

A

angina, acute MI, cerebrovascular accident/transient ischaemic attack, patients with high CVS risk

49
Q

What are the side effects of a dihydropyridines?

A

ankle oedema

50
Q

What is the mechanism of rivaroxaban?

A

factor Xa inhibitor - Xa converts prothrombin II to thrombin IIa

51
Q

What are the side effects of nitrates?

A

headaches, hypotension, collapse

52
Q

How is warfarin administered?

A

oral

53
Q

What are is the mechanism of action of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?

A

block angiotensin II receptors

54
Q

What is amiodarone used for?

A

arrhythmias

55
Q

What are alpha blockers used in?

A

hypertension, prostatic hypertrophy

56
Q

What are fibrinolytic drugs used in?

A

STEMI, pulmonary embolism (selected cases only), CVA/stroke (selected cases only)

57
Q

What is the mechanism of action of warfarin?

A

blocks clotting factors 2, 7, 9 and 10

58
Q

What are loop diuretics used in?

A

heart failure

59
Q

What is angioneurotic oedema?

A

life threatening, uncommon, skin gets blotchy and swollen, larynx gets swollen - can’t breath

60
Q

Give an example of an ACE inhibitor

A

Lisinopril - all end in pril

61
Q

What are the side effects of digoxin?

A

nausea, vomiting, yellow vision, blurred vision, bradycardia, heart block, ventricular arrhythmias

62
Q

Why do patients on warfarin need regular blood tests?

A

small therapeutic window

63
Q

What are the side effects of beta blockers?

A

never use in established asthma, tiredness, heart failure - good in medium/long term - can worsen heart failure in the short term - start low and increase slow, cold peripheries

64
Q

Give an example of a statin

A

simvastatin

Cardiovascular (37 decks)

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