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Common Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What are cardio- selective beta blockers used in?

A

angina, hypertension, heart failure

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2
Q

How can warfarin induced haemorrhage be reversed?

A

vitamin K

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3
Q

What are rate limiting calcium antagonists used in?

A

hypertension and angina - rare - block AV node conduction to a degree, used if supraventricular arrhythmias are also present - AF or SVT - want to block AV node conduction to a degree - stop arrhythmia spreading to ventricles

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4
Q

What are the side effects of anti-platelets?

A

haemorrhage, peptic ulcer already present - haemorrhage - give drug to cure ulcer at the same time, aspirin sensitivity can cause asthma - rare

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5
Q

Give an example of an ARB

A

losartan - all end in artan

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6
Q

What are ACE inhibitors used in?

A

hypertension, heart failure

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7
Q

What are the side effects of amiodarone?

A

phototoxicity, pulmonary fibrosis, hypo or hyper thyroidism

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of alpha blockers?

A

block alpha adrenoceptors - cause vasodilation

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9
Q

What is the effect of digoxin?

A

decreases AV node conduction velocity

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10
Q

What are the side effects of ARBs?

A

renal dysfunction, no cough - if ACE inhibitors cause cough switch to ARB

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11
Q

What are ARBs used in?

A

hypertension, heart failure

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12
Q

Give an example of a thiazide diuretic

A

bendrofluazide

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13
Q

How is heparin administered?

A

IV

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14
Q

What are dihydropyridines used in?

A

hypertension, angina, not heart failure

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15
Q

What are the side effects of alpha blockers?

A

postural hypotension

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16
Q

Give an example of a cardio-selective beta blocker?

A

atenolol

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17
Q

What is the effect of anti-platelets and anticoagulants?

A

prevent new thrombosis

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18
Q

What are the side effects of statins?

A

myopathy, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure

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19
Q

Why should there be 8 nitrate free hours a day?

A

prevent development of tolerance

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20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors?

A

block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II - cause vasodilation

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21
Q

Give examples of anti-platelets

A

aspirin, clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel

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22
Q

What are nitrates used in?

A

angina, acute heart failure

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23
Q

What are the side effects of fibrinolytic drugs?

A

serious risk of haemorrhage

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24
Q

What are the side effects of diuretics?

A

hypokalaemia - fatigue and arrhythmias, hyperglycaemia in diabetics, increased uric acid - gout, impotence

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25
What is the mechanism of action of dabigatran?
thrombin factor IIa inhibitor
26
Give an example of a dihydropyridine
amlodipine
27
What are the classes of calcium antagonists?
dihydropyridines, rate limiting calcium antagonists
28
Why should rate limiting calcium antagonists and beta blockers not be used together?
both block AV node conduction to a degree - can cause heart block
29
Give an example of a fibrate
bezafibrate
30
What is the mechanism of action of diuretics?
block Na+ reabsorption in kidneys - increases urine volume
31
Give an example of an alpha blocker
doxazosin
32
Give examples of fibrinolytic drugs
streptokinase, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
33
Give examples of anticoagulants
heparin, warfarin, rivaroxaban, dabigatran
34
What do cardio-selective beta blockers block?
only beta 1
35
When should fibrinolytic drugs be avoided?
recent haemorrhage - some strokes, trauma, bleeding tendencies, severe diabetic retinopathy - could lead to blindness, peptic ulcer
36
How does digoxin cause ventricular arrhythmias?
increases ventricular irritability - narrow therapeutic index
37
What is the effect of fibrinolytic drugs?
dissolve formed clot
38
What drugs should never be used in pregnancy induced hypertension?
ACE inhibitors and ARBs - toxic to the foetus
39
Give examples of rate limiting calcium antagonists
verapamil, diltiazem
40
What is the mechanism of action of a statin?
blocks HMG CoA reductase
41
What are statins used in?
hypercholesterolaemia. diabetes, angina, MI, stroke, TIA, high CVS risk
42
Give examples of nitrates
isosorbide mononitrate, GTN
43
Give an example of a loop diuretic
furosemide
44
What are fibrates used in?
hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol
45
What are anticoagulants used in?
deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, NSTEMI, atrial fibrillation, post operation
46
What are the side effects of ACE inhibitors?
cough, renal dysfunction, angioneurotic oedema
47
What are thiazide diuretics used in?
hypertension
48
What are anti-platelets used in?
angina, acute MI, cerebrovascular accident/transient ischaemic attack, patients with high CVS risk
49
What are the side effects of a dihydropyridines?
ankle oedema
50
What is the mechanism of rivaroxaban?
factor Xa inhibitor - Xa converts prothrombin II to thrombin IIa
51
What are the side effects of nitrates?
headaches, hypotension, collapse
52
How is warfarin administered?
oral
53
What are is the mechanism of action of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?
block angiotensin II receptors
54
What is amiodarone used for?
arrhythmias
55
What are alpha blockers used in?
hypertension, prostatic hypertrophy
56
What are fibrinolytic drugs used in?
STEMI, pulmonary embolism (selected cases only), CVA/stroke (selected cases only)
57
What is the mechanism of action of warfarin?
blocks clotting factors 2, 7, 9 and 10
58
What are loop diuretics used in?
heart failure
59
What is angioneurotic oedema?
life threatening, uncommon, skin gets blotchy and swollen, larynx gets swollen - can't breath
60
Give an example of an ACE inhibitor
Lisinopril - all end in pril
61
What are the side effects of digoxin?
nausea, vomiting, yellow vision, blurred vision, bradycardia, heart block, ventricular arrhythmias
62
Why do patients on warfarin need regular blood tests?
small therapeutic window
63
What are the side effects of beta blockers?
never use in established asthma, tiredness, heart failure - good in medium/long term - can worsen heart failure in the short term - start low and increase slow, cold peripheries
64
Give an example of a statin
simvastatin

Cardiovascular (37 decks)

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