Variation and Evolution

Question 1

Definition of variation?

Answer 1

Differences between two individuals.

Question 2

Benefit of classification?

Answer 2

to simplify the study of organism.

Question 3

Definition of classification?

Answer 3

Means placing objects into groups based on similar characteristics.

Question 4

Whats taxonomy?

Answer 4

the science of classifying organisms.

Question 5

Definition of species?

Answer 5

Group of organisms that can reproduce together to produce together to produce fertile offspring.

Question 6

2 causes of variation within a species?

Answer 6

• mutation
• sexual reproduction

Question 7

Acquired vs inherited variations?

Answer 7

Acq: not inherited, developed or learned during life.

inh: controlled by genes.

Question 8

What are acquired variations?

Answer 8

not inherited, developed or learned during life.

Question 9

What are inherited variations?

Answer 9

controlled by genes.

Question 10

Give eg of acquired variations.

Answer 10

ability to walk, speak a language.

Question 11

Give eg of inherited variations.

Answer 11

blood groups, eye colour, hair colour, attached/detached ear lobes.

Question 12

Cause of inherited variations?

Answer 12

arise as a result of sexual reproduction and mutations.

Question 13

How does meiosis give rise to variations?

Answer 13

rearranges genetic material.
produces non-identical cells

Question 14

Whats a mutation?

Answer 14

is a change in the amount or structure of DNA.

Question 15

What are mutagens?

Answer 15

agents that cause mutations.

Question 16

A mutagen that causes cancer is called?

Answer 16

carcinogen

Question 17

Name 4 main categories of mutagens.

Answer 17

1) ionizing radiation such as x-rays and ultraviolet radiation.
2) chemicals like formaldehyde.
3) some viruses.
4) smoking cigarettes: chemicals, radiation.

Question 18

A gene (or point) mutation is?

Answer 18

a change in a single gene.

Question 19

Name 2 types of mutation.

Answer 19

gene mutations,
chromosome mutations.

Question 20

Examples of gene mutations?

Answer 20

sickle-cell anaemia,
haemophilia

Question 21

Whats a chromosome mutation?

Answer 21

a large change in the structure or number of one or more chromosomes.

Question 22

Eg of chromosome mutation?

Answer 22

down syndrome

Question 23

Down syndrome is caused by?

Answer 23

one extra chromosome