Enzymes

Question 1

Definition of metabolism?

Answer 1

all chemical reactions in an organism

Question 2

Primary source of energy for life on earth is?

Answer 2

sun

Question 3

Cellular energy is?

Answer 3

the energy stored in the bonds of biomolecules

Question 4

Definition of enzymes?

Answer 4

are biological catalysts made of protein that speed up chemical reactions

Question 6

Enzymes are made of?

Answer 6

chains of amino acids (+ protein)

Question 7

Comment on shape of the chain of amino acids that make up enzymes.

Answer 7

folded - into a three dimensional shape

Question 8

Enzymes having the 3D shape means?

Answer 8

it will fit neatly and react only with a substance of a shape that matches the complementary enzyme

Question 9

What’s a catalyst?

Answer 9

a substance that speeds up a reaction, without itself being used in the reaction

Question 10

What’s a substrate?

Answer 10

the substance in which an enzyme reacts

Question 11

What is a product?

Answer 11

the substance(s) the enzyme forms

Question 12

Name a catabolic enzyme.

Answer 12

amylase

Question 13

Name two anabolic enzymes.

Answer 13

DNA ligase, DNA/RNA polymerase

Question 14

What is a denatured enzyme?

Answer 14

has lost its shape and can no longer function (dead)

Question 15

Name 2 factors that affect enzyme activity.

Answer 15

temperature, pH

Question 16

Human enzymes work best at what temperature?

Answer 16

37 degrees celsius

Question 17

Most plant enzymes work best at what temperature?

Answer 17

20-30 degrees celsius

Question 18

For most enzymes, the optimum pH is?

Answer 18

6/7/8

Question 19

What is bioprocessing?

Answer 19

the use of enzyme-controlled reactions to produce a product

Question 20

What is a bioreactor?

Answer 20

a vessel or container in which living cells or their products are used to make a product

Question 21

Name 3 methods of immobilising enzymes.

Answer 21

• attached to each other
• attached to insoluble supports
• enclosed within a membrane or gel

Question 22

What are immobilised enzymes?

Answer 22

enzymes that are attached, or fixed, to each other, or to an inert material (or enclosed in a membrane or gel)

Question 23

4 advantages of immobilised enzymes?

Answer 23

• can be reused
• product doesn’t need to be seperated from the enzyme
• pure product
• allows for continuous flow process

Question 24

Penicillin acylase does what?

Answer 24

allows development of new antibiotics

Question 25

Glucose isomerase is used to convert what to what?

Answer 25

glucose to fructose

Question 26

In experiments measuring the rate of enzyme action, what factors are considered?

Answer 26

temperature,
pH,
enzyme concentration,
substrate concentration

Question 27

For enzyme experiments, what do you use for pH and for temperature.

Answer 27

pH = buffer solution
temp = water bath