Food

Question 1

Definition of nutrition?

Answer 1

the way in which an organism obtains and uses food

Question 2

Name 3 functions of food.

Answer 2

• growth and repair of cells
• a source of energy
• manufacturing of chemicals for metabolism/metabolic reactions

Question 3

Name 6 common elements found in food.

Answer 3

carbon
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
sulphur
phosphorus

Question 4

Name 5 elements that are dissolved in salts.

Answer 4

sodium
magnesium
chlorine
potassium
calcium

Question 5

Name the 3 trace elements and how much of these are required?

Answer 5

only tiny amounts required…
Iron Copper Zinc

Question 6

Definition of biomolecules?

Answer 6

chemicals that are made inside a living thing

Question 7

Name the 4 major types of biomolecules found in food.

Answer 7

carbohydrates,
lipids (fats and oils),
proteins,
vitamins

Question 8

Name sources of carbohydrates.

Answer 8

bread, pasta, potatoes

Question 9

Carbohydrates are composed of what three elements?

Answer 9

carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 10

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in carbohydrates are present in what ratio?

Answer 10

1:2:1 ratio

Question 11

Whats the general formula of carbohydrates?

Answer 11

Cx(H2O)y

Question 12

Whats the formula for glucose?

Answer 12

C6 H12 O6

Question 13

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 13

monosaccharides,
disaccharides,
polysaccharides

Question 14

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 14

single/one sugar unit

Question 15

Give 2 examples of monosaccharides.

Answer 15

glucose, fructose

Question 16

Describe monosaccharides.

Answer 16

simplest and smallest type of carbohydrate.
sweet to taste.
soluble in water.

Question 17

What are disaccharides?

Answer 17

two sugar units

Question 18

Give 2 examples of disaccharides.

Answer 18

maltose, sucrose

Question 19

Describe disaccharides.

Answer 19

sweet to taste.
soluble in water.

Question 20

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 20

many sugar units

Question 21

Give 3 examples of polysaccharides.

Answer 21

cellulose, glycogen, starch

Question 22

Describe polysaccharides.

Answer 22

insoluble/slightly soluble in water.
not sweet-tasting.

Question 23

What are some metabolic roles/functions of carbohydrates?

Answer 23

• glucose made in photosynthesis
• glucose is broken down to release energy
• source of energy

Question 24

What are some structural roles of carbohydrates? (2 are polysaccharide related)

Answer 24

• cellulose makes up cell wall in plant cells
• animals store glucose as glycogen in muscles and liver
• plants store glucose as starch in leaves and roots

Question 25

What are some sources of lipids?

Answer 25

butter, oils, margarine

Question 26

Lipids are composed of what three elements?

Answer 26

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

Question 27

Do lipids have a ratio?

Answer 27

they do not have a ratio

Question 28

Whats the difference beetween fats and oils?

Answer 28

fats are solid at room temperature. oils are liquid at room temperature.

Question 29

The basic unit of lipids is?

Answer 29

triglyceride

Question 30

How are triglycerides formed?

Answer 30

one glycerol joined to 3 fatty acids

Question 31

Where are triglycerides found?

Answer 31

in fatty foods

Question 32

How are phospholipids formed?

Answer 32

one glycerol joined to 2 fatty acids and a phosphate

Question 33

Where are phospholipids found?

Answer 33

in cell membranes

Question 34

What are 2 differences between triglycerides and phospholipids?

Answer 34

- phospholipids have a phosphate group, triglycerides do not. - phospholipids have 2 fatty acids, triglycerides have 3 fatty acids.

Question 35

What is a metabolic role of lipids?

Answer 35

Energy (storage/source)

Question 36

What is a structural role of lipids?

Answer 36

formation of cell membrane

Question 37

Sources of protein?

Answer 37

(red) meat, fish, eggs, nuts

Question 38

Proteins are always composed of?

Answer 38

carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen

Question 39

What two things are somtimes present in proteins?

Answer 39

sulphur and phosphorus

Question 40

Proteins are composed of?

Answer 40

amino acids

Question 41

How many common amino acids are found in proteins?

Answer 41

20

Question 42

How do amino acids bond together?

Answer 42

peptide bonds

Question 43

What do proteins do to form a 3D shape?

Answer 43

proteins are folded

Question 44

Chain of 20 or less amino acids = ? Chain of more than 20 amino acids = ?

Answer 44

= polypeptide = protein

Question 45

Peptides join together to form?

Answer 45

polypeptides

Question 46

Comment on the folding of fibrous proteins.

Answer 46

show little or no folding

Question 47

Comment on the folding of globular proteins.

Answer 47

lots of folding

Question 48

Comment on the shape of fibrous proteins.

Answer 48

rounded shapes

Question 49

Comment on the shape of globular proteins.

Answer 49

unrounded shapes

Question 50

What are 3 examples of fibrous proteins?

Answer 50

collagen: in bones and tendons keratin: in hair and nails myosin: in muscle

Question 51

What are 3 examples of globular proteins?

Answer 51

enzymes hormones haemoglobin (protein found on red blood cells)

Question 52

Give some metabolic roles of proteins.

Answer 52

enzymes: proteins make up enzymes for metabolic reactions. hormones: regulate body reactions. antibodies: fight infection

Question 53

What is a structural role of proteins?

Answer 53

keratin in hair and nails

Question 54

What are the 2 types of vitamins?

Answer 54

fat soluble, water soluble

Question 55

Name a water-soluble vitamin.

Answer 55

vitamin C

Question 56

Sources of vitamin C?

Answer 56

citrus fruits like lemons or oranges

Question 57

Functions of vitamin C?

Answer 57

formation of connective tissues. growth and maintenance of bones and teeth.

Question 58

Disease caused by deficiency of vitamin C?

Answer 58

scurvy

Question 59

Symptoms of scurvy?

Answer 59

bleeding gums, loose teeth

Question 60

Name a fat-soluble vitamin.

Answer 60

vitamin D

Question 61

Sources of vitamin D?

Answer 61

cod liver oil, dairy, eggs, (sunlight)

Question 62

Functions of vitamin D?

Answer 62

absorbs calcium for bone and tooth formation

Question 63

Disease caused by deficiency of vitamin D?

Answer 63

rickets (children)

Question 64

Symptoms of scurvy?

Answer 64

weak, deformed bones that tend to break easily

Question 65

Minerals are required in what amount size?

Answer 65

small amounts

Question 66

Name 2 minerals required by animals, a source and their function.

Answer 66

calcium (milk, cheese): helps form strong bones and teeth iron (red meat, green vegetables): helps form haemoglobin

Question 67

Name 2 minerals required by plants, a source and their function.

Answer 67

magnesium (soil): formation of chlorophyll calcium (soil): helps cell walls to attach to each other

Question 68

Minerals are absorbed in form of dissolved salts including? (5)

Answer 68

calcium magnesium sodium chlorine potassium

Question 69

Water makes up what % of cell mass?

Answer 69

70-95%

Question 70

Functions of water?

Answer 70

- transport medium (heat, minerals, nutrients - acts as a solvent - acts as a reaction medium

Question 71

Definition of metabolism?

Answer 71

the sum of all chemical reactions that take place in an organism

Question 72

What are the 2 types of reactions?

Answer 72

anabolic, catabolic

Question 73

Defintion of anabolic reaction?

Answer 73

forming large molecules from small molecules, using energy

Question 74

Definition of catabolic reaction?

Answer 74

breaking down large molecules to small molecules, releasing energy

Question 75

Give 2 examples of anabolic reactions.

Answer 75

protein synthesis photosynthesis

Question 76

Give 2 examples of catabolic reactions.

Answer 76

respiration digestion