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Sam - Biology > Cell Structure (+ microscope) > Flashcards

Cell Structure (+ microscope) Flashcards

Ch 7

1
Q

Two types of microscopes are?

A

electron and compound

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2
Q

Light microscope is an example of which microscope type?

A

compound

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3
Q

How is the total magnification of the image calculated?

A

multiply the power of the two lenses

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4
Q

If given the size magnified and given total magnification, how do you find actual size of cell?

A

magnified divided by total magnification

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5
Q

Whats the function of the eyepiece lens?

A

magnifies the image

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6
Q

Whats the function of the nosepiece?

A

holds objective lenses

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7
Q

Whats the function of obejctive lens?

A

magnifies the image, 3 levels eg: x4, x10, x40

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8
Q

Whats the function of the clips?

A

holds slide in place

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9
Q

Whats the function of the stage?

A

supports slide once placed on

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10
Q

Whats the function of the condenser?

A

focuses light onto the slide

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11
Q

Whats the function of the diaphragm?

A

adjusts the amount of light shining on the slide

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12
Q

Whats the function of the light/mirror?

A

supply light to the slide

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13
Q

Whats the function of the stage height adjuster?

A

let stage be moved up and down

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14
Q

Whats the function of the coarse focus knob?

A

approximately focusing

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15
Q

Whats the function of the fine focus knob?

A

for precise focusing

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16
Q

What does TEM and SEM stand for?

A

transmission electron microscope
scanning electron microscope

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17
Q

What does continuity of life mean?

A

all cells arise from other pre-existing cells

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18
Q

Ultrastructure definition?

A

the structure of a cell seen under an electron microscope

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19
Q

Protoplasm definition?

A

all living parts of a cell

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20
Q

Cytoplasm definition?

A

living material in a cell, outside the nucleus

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21
Q

Name the parts of the cell present in animal and plant cells.

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondria
ribosomes
nucleus
nucleolus
nuclear pores
DNA
vacuole

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22
Q

Name the 2 parts in plant cells only.

A

chloroplasts
cell wall

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23
Q

Definition of prokaryotic?

A

do not have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles

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24
Q

Definition of eukaryotic?

A

have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

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25
Q

Example of a prokaryote?

A

bacteria

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26
Q

Example of a eukaryote?

A

animals
plants
fungi
protista

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27
Q

Unicellular means?

A

a single celled organism

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28
Q

Example of something unicellular?

A

bacteria, amoeba

29
Q

Multicellular means?

A

more than one cell

30
Q

Example of something multicellular?

A

plants, animals

31
Q

Give 3 differences between plant and animal cells.

A

CELL WALL
plants have, animals do not

CHLOROPLASTS (CHLOROPYLL)
plants have, animals do not

LARGE VACUOLE
plants have, animals do not

32
Q

What is a cell?

A

is the smallest unit of living matter that exhibits the characteristics of of life

33
Q

The cell wall is made of what? What is it an example of?

A

cellulose, which is a structural polysaccharide

34
Q

Is the cell wall not permeable, semi permeable, fully permeable…?

A

it is fully permeable

35
Q

Cell wall function?

A

gives strength and support

36
Q

Where is the cell membrane located for (a) animal cells and (b) plant cells?

A

a) surrounding cytoplasm
b) found between the cytoplasm and cell wall

37
Q

What is cell membrane composed of? What is it called?

A

phospholipids and proteins
the bilayer

38
Q

Is the cell membrane not permeable, semi permeable, fully permeable…?

A

selectively/semi - permeable

39
Q

Give 4 functions of the cell membrane

A
  • retains cell contents
  • gives support to animal cells
  • has recepters
  • controls what enters the cell
40
Q

What are vacuoles?

A

membrane bound sacks within cytoplasm (surrounded by a membrane)

41
Q

Vacuoles are surrounded by what and within what?

A

surrounded by a membrane,
within cytoplasm

42
Q

What do vacuoles do for plants?

A

gives cells strength

43
Q

Permanent vacuoles are always found in _____ cells, temporary vacuoles can be found in some _____ cells but not all.

A

plant
animal

44
Q

What do vacuoles store?

A

water and sugar

45
Q

Vacuoles remove what?

A

waste

46
Q

Are vacuoles larger or smaller in plant cells? (compared to animal cells).

A

larger

47
Q

What is the control centre of the cell?

A

nucleus

48
Q

Nucleus contains?

A

DNA, RNA

49
Q

Nucleus is surrounded by what with what?

A

by a nuclear membrane with nuclear pores

50
Q

Nuclear membrane with nuclear pores allows the passage of?

A

some molecules into and out of the nucleus

51
Q

Ribosomes are made in?

A

nucleolus

52
Q

When are chromosomes called chromatin?

A

when they are elongated and not dividing

53
Q

Where is DNA present in the nucleus?

A

the chromosomes

54
Q

What are organelles?

A

structures with membranes that carry out specific functions in a cell

55
Q

What does mitochondria supply to cells?

A

energy

56
Q

The mitochondira has cristae (infoldings), what does this allow?

A

increased energy production

57
Q

Why can’t you see mitochondria with a light microscope?

A

too small to be seen

58
Q

Where are there large amounts of mitochondria, why?

A

liver and muscle cells as they require a lot of energy

59
Q

Does mitochondria contain DNA?

A

yes (each mitochondrion has its own loop of DNA)

60
Q

Where is the site of respiration in a cell?

A

mitochondria

61
Q

what organelle is the site of photosynthesis (in plant cells)?

A

chloroplast

62
Q

What is the name of the pigment in chloroplast? What colour is it?

A

green pigment called chlorophyll

63
Q

What does chlorophyll do?

A

absorbs light energy, giving plants their green colour

64
Q

Can you see chloroplast under a light microscope?

A

no, too small to be seen

65
Q

Does chloroplast contain DNA?

A

yes

66
Q

Ribosomes are the location for what?

A

protein synthesis

67
Q

Ribosomes are composed of?

A

RNA and proteins

68
Q
A

Sam - Biology (41 decks)

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