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Sam - Biology > Vegetative Propagation > Flashcards

Vegetative Propagation Flashcards

1
Q

Defintion of vegetative propagation?

A

is sexual reproduction in plants

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2
Q

What does vegetative propagation not involve?

A

gametes, flower, seeds, fruit

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3
Q

Natural vegetative propagation involves forming new plants from?

A

a stem, root, leaf, bud

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4
Q

How many methods of natural vegetative propagation are there?

A

4

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5
Q

Name the methods of natural vegetative propagation.

A

stem
root
leaf
buds

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6
Q

What are runners?

A

horizontal stems that run or grow above ground from which new plants grow

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7
Q

Give an 2 examples of runners.

A

strawberries, buttercups

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8
Q

What are stems internodes like?

A

usually long

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9
Q

What form at each node for stem?

A

buds

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10
Q

What’s a root tuber?

A

a swollen underground root (with starch) that remains dormant during winter from which new plants may grow

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11
Q

Give 2 examples of root tubers.

A

dahlia, sweet potatoes

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12
Q

The sexual reproduction with the method leaf is very common in what plant?

A

cactus

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13
Q

How does the method of leaf work?

A

leaves of some plants will readily grow into new plants if they become detached from the parent plant

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14
Q

What is a bulb?

A

a modified bud

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15
Q

Example of a bulb/modified bud?

A

onion, daffodil, tulip

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16
Q

A bulb/modified bud contains an underground what with what attached?

A

underground stem with numerous leaves attached

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17
Q

Describe each leaf in terms of buds and bulbs.

A

each leaf is swollen with stored food (starch mainly)

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18
Q

The centre of the bulb has?

A

an apical bud

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19
Q

What can the apical bud produce?

A

leaves and a young flower

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20
Q

Where are lateral buds located?

A

between the stem and each leaf

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21
Q

What is located between the stem and each leaf?

A

lateral buds

22
Q

Lateral buds develop where?

A

develop in the axil between a petiole and a stem

23
Q

How many methods of artificial vegetative propagation are there?

A

4

24
Q

Name the methods of artifical vegetative propagation?

A

cuttings
grafting
layering
micropropagation

25
Q

Definition of cuttings?

A

parts of a plant are removed from the parent plant and grown into a new, independent plant

26
Q

Examples of cuttings are?

A

buzy lizzie, willow

27
Q

For cuttings how is the shoot cut? And what is it treated with?

A

at an angle and treated with rooting powder

28
Q

Why is the shoot treated with rooting powder during cuttings?

A

to speed up root formation

29
Q

Why might some leaves be removed from a cutting?

A

to reduce water loss

30
Q

Will plants produced by cuttings be similar other different to parent?

A

similar

31
Q

Is propagation:
expensive or cheap?
simple or complex?

A

its simple and cheap

32
Q

What is grafting?

A

the joining and uniting of part of one plant with a second plant
/
used to combine useful qualities or traits from two different plants into one plant

33
Q

Name a plant you can graft?

A

eating-apple trees to crab-apple plants

34
Q

What must happen for a graft to be succesfful?

A

the graft has to achieve a good contact (between the growth areas, meristems and vascular tissues of both plants)

35
Q

What is layering?

A

the growth of a new plant from a stem that is still attached to the parent plant

36
Q

How is layering done? Give 2 plant examples.

A

a branch of a parent plant is bent down and covered in soil, except for the tip, eg: blackberries, roses

37
Q

In layering, what do:
the covered part form?
the exposed tip form?

A

covered part forms roots and the exposed tip forms new shoots

38
Q

Over time what will happen the two plants (layering)?

A

they will separate

39
Q

What is micropropagation?

A

the growth of plants from small pieces of tissues under sterile conditions on a specifically selected medium
/
involves growing large numbers of plants from small plant pieces

40
Q

What is micropropagation also called?

A

tissue culturing

41
Q

In micropropagation, new plants are grown from? Taken from where

A

single cells taken from a parent plant

42
Q

In micropropagation, the cells or small pieces of plant tissues are grown on what? Give eg.

A

artificial medium, eg: agar

43
Q

What is callus?

A

when the growing cells form a group of similar cells

44
Q

What is added in micropropagation to the cells or small pieces of plant tissues growing on an artificial medium?

A

nutrients and growth regulators

45
Q

In micropropagation, what does callus develop into?

A

small plant with shoots and roots

46
Q

Micropropagation can be used to grow what? Whats an issue with it?

A

orchids, it is expensive

47
Q

Whats the main advantage of sexual reproduction?

A

the offspring possess variations

48
Q

What are 4 advantages of sexual reproduction in plants?

A
  • offspring show variations from parents (allowing evolution).
  • some plants may be resistant to disease.
  • there is less competition due to seed dispersal.
  • some seeds may remain dormant in the soil.
49
Q

What are 4 advantages of asexual reproduction in plants?

A
  • simple process.
  • no outside agents are needed.
  • rapid growth.
  • no waste.
50
Q

What are 4 disadvantages of sexual reproduction in plants?

A
  • complex process.
  • may depend on outside agents, eg: for pollination and dispersal.
  • slow growth of the youth plants to maturity.
  • wasteful, eg: petals, nectar, pollen, fruit.
51
Q

What are 4 disadvantages of asexual reproduction in plants?

A
  • no variations.
  • if one plant is susceptible to a disease then all plants are susceptible.
  • there is overcrowding and competition.
  • no seeds are formed (no dormant structures in soil).

Sam - Biology (41 decks)

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