Vegetative Propagation Flashcards
Defintion of vegetative propagation?
is sexual reproduction in plants
What does vegetative propagation not involve?
gametes, flower, seeds, fruit
Natural vegetative propagation involves forming new plants from?
a stem, root, leaf, bud
How many methods of natural vegetative propagation are there?
4
Name the methods of natural vegetative propagation.
stem
root
leaf
buds
What are runners?
horizontal stems that run or grow above ground from which new plants grow
Give an 2 examples of runners.
strawberries, buttercups
What are stems internodes like?
usually long
What form at each node for stem?
buds
What’s a root tuber?
a swollen underground root (with starch) that remains dormant during winter from which new plants may grow
Give 2 examples of root tubers.
dahlia, sweet potatoes
The sexual reproduction with the method leaf is very common in what plant?
cactus
How does the method of leaf work?
leaves of some plants will readily grow into new plants if they become detached from the parent plant
What is a bulb?
a modified bud
Example of a bulb/modified bud?
onion, daffodil, tulip
A bulb/modified bud contains an underground what with what attached?
underground stem with numerous leaves attached
Describe each leaf in terms of buds and bulbs.
each leaf is swollen with stored food (starch mainly)
The centre of the bulb has?
an apical bud
What can the apical bud produce?
leaves and a young flower
Where are lateral buds located?
between the stem and each leaf
What is located between the stem and each leaf?
lateral buds
Lateral buds develop where?
develop in the axil between a petiole and a stem
How many methods of artificial vegetative propagation are there?
4
Name the methods of artifical vegetative propagation?
cuttings
grafting
layering
micropropagation
Definition of cuttings?
parts of a plant are removed from the parent plant and grown into a new, independent plant
Examples of cuttings are?
buzy lizzie, willow
For cuttings how is the shoot cut? And what is it treated with?
at an angle and treated with rooting powder
Why is the shoot treated with rooting powder during cuttings?
to speed up root formation
Why might some leaves be removed from a cutting?
to reduce water loss
Will plants produced by cuttings be similar other different to parent?
similar
Is propagation:
expensive or cheap?
simple or complex?
its simple and cheap
What is grafting?
the joining and uniting of part of one plant with a second plant
/
used to combine useful qualities or traits from two different plants into one plant
Name a plant you can graft?
eating-apple trees to crab-apple plants
What must happen for a graft to be succesfful?
the graft has to achieve a good contact (between the growth areas, meristems and vascular tissues of both plants)
What is layering?
the growth of a new plant from a stem that is still attached to the parent plant
How is layering done? Give 2 plant examples.
a branch of a parent plant is bent down and covered in soil, except for the tip, eg: blackberries, roses
In layering, what do:
the covered part form?
the exposed tip form?
covered part forms roots and the exposed tip forms new shoots
Over time what will happen the two plants (layering)?
they will separate
What is micropropagation?
the growth of plants from small pieces of tissues under sterile conditions on a specifically selected medium
/
involves growing large numbers of plants from small plant pieces
What is micropropagation also called?
tissue culturing
In micropropagation, new plants are grown from? Taken from where
single cells taken from a parent plant
In micropropagation, the cells or small pieces of plant tissues are grown on what? Give eg.
artificial medium, eg: agar
What is callus?
when the growing cells form a group of similar cells
What is added in micropropagation to the cells or small pieces of plant tissues growing on an artificial medium?
nutrients and growth regulators
In micropropagation, what does callus develop into?
small plant with shoots and roots
Micropropagation can be used to grow what? Whats an issue with it?
orchids, it is expensive
Whats the main advantage of sexual reproduction?
the offspring possess variations
What are 4 advantages of sexual reproduction in plants?
- offspring show variations from parents (allowing evolution).
- some plants may be resistant to disease.
- there is less competition due to seed dispersal.
- some seeds may remain dormant in the soil.
What are 4 advantages of asexual reproduction in plants?
- simple process.
- no outside agents are needed.
- rapid growth.
- no waste.
What are 4 disadvantages of sexual reproduction in plants?
- complex process.
- may depend on outside agents, eg: for pollination and dispersal.
- slow growth of the youth plants to maturity.
- wasteful, eg: petals, nectar, pollen, fruit.
What are 4 disadvantages of asexual reproduction in plants?
- no variations.
- if one plant is susceptible to a disease then all plants are susceptible.
- there is overcrowding and competition.
- no seeds are formed (no dormant structures in soil).
