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Sam - Biology > Photosynthesis > Flashcards

Photosynthesis Flashcards

Ch 11

1
Q

What’s the main source of energy for the earth?

A

Sun

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2
Q

How do autotrophs make their own food?

A

Carrying out photosynthesis

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3
Q

Definition of photosynthesis?

A

Is the process by which plants make their own food using light energy (from the sun)

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4
Q

Light energy gets converted into?

A

Chemical energy

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5
Q

Photosynthesis mostly takes place where in a plant?

A

The ground tissue of leaves

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6
Q

Why are leaves well adapted for this process?

A

Thin,
Flat: provides a large surface area & allowing for rapid, easy diffusion of CO2 in and O2 out

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7
Q

Name 4 roles of photosynthesis.

A
  1. Plants use it to make food
  2. Animals get their food from plants, so get their food from photosynthesis
  3. Produces oxygen which most living things need to respire and live
  4. Responsible for removing carbon dioxide from the air
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8
Q

Give a balanced equation to show photosynthesis.

A

chlorophyll
6CO2 + 6H2O ———> C6H12O6 + 6O2
carbon water light glucose oxygen
dioxide

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9
Q

Name 3 things that the rate of photosynthesis depends on.

A

Light
Carbon dioxide
Temperature

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10
Q

What does light get trapped by and where?

A

By chlorophyll in the chloroplasts

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11
Q

Name 2 sources of light for photosynthesis.

A

Sunlight,
Artificial light (in a greenhouse)

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12
Q

Plants have two sources of carbon dioxide, one ___ and one ___.

A

One external and one internal

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13
Q

Describe external in relation to carbon dioxide.

A

Most of the carbon dioxide used by plants comes from the outside air/atmosphere, it diffuses through the stomata of the leaf.

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14
Q

Describe internal in relation to carbon dioxide.

A

Some carbon dioxide used in photosynthesis comes from respiration

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15
Q

Regarding water, explain:
- absorbed from?
- absorbed by?
- passes up and into?

A

Absorbed from the soil by the roots by osmosis, passes up the xylem (vascular tissue) in the stem and into the leaves

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16
Q

Photosynthesis takes place where?

A

Chloroplasts

17
Q

What are thylakoids?

A

Green disc shaped structures

18
Q

Stacks of thylakoids into bundles called a?

A

Granum

19
Q

Many granum form a?

A

Grana

20
Q

What two colours are reflected instead of absorbed?

A

Green & yellow

21
Q

What absorbs a different colour of light? Name the colours

A

Absorbed by chloroplast pigments
(red orange yellow green blue indigo violet)

22
Q

Name the two stages (give both names of each one)

A

Light stage (light-dependent)
Dark stage (light-independent)

23
Q

The light stage reactions depend on energy provided by?

A

Light

24
Q

What does the dark stage depend on?

A

Some products from the light stage

25
Q

Name 4 ways of increasing the rate of photosynthesis.

A
  • increase artificial lighting
  • range of colours
  • increase CO2
  • keep at optimum temperature
  • (increase temperature to increase enzyme activity)
26
Q

Where does the light stage take place?

A

In the grana in the thylakoids membranes of the chloroplast

27
Q

Are enzymes involved in light stage? discuss

A

No, reaction happens so quickly

28
Q

When light is absorbed (the colours), what happens?

A

It’s passed from one pigment molecule to another until it reaches a reaction centre chlorophyll

29
Q

What happens secondly in light stage?

A

Energized electrons are passed from chlorophyll to the electron acceptor.
Energized electrons then flow from electron acceptor along one of two different pathways.

30
Q

What two pathways could energized electrons end up entering?

A

Pathway 1 (cyclic photophosphorylation)
Pathway 2 (non-cyclic)

31
Q

Where does pathway 1 occur?

A

Grana

32
Q

As electrons move in pathway 1 what happens?

A

Lose energy and this energy reacts with ADP + P, forming ATP & water

33
Q

What does ATP store?

A

Energy

34
Q

What’s added to ADP to move electrons in a circle? What’s this pathway called?

A

Phosphate added.
Cyclic photophosphorylation = cycle

35
Q

What’s photolysis?

A

Water split by light

36
Q

Water getting split by light is called?

A

Photolysis

37
Q

During photolysis, water is split into?

A

Electrons, protons, oxygen

Sam - Biology (40 decks)

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