Cell Diversity Flashcards
Ch 8
What is a tissue?
a group of similar cells with the same function
Name the 4 types of plant tissue.
dermal, vascular, ground, meristematic
Name one type of dermal tissue.
epidermis
Where is epidermis found?
found as a covering on leaves, stems and roots
Function of epidermis?
protects the plant
Vascular tissue consists of what 2 types of cells?
xylem and phloem
Function of xylem?
transport water
(and support)
Describe briefly xylem.
consist of hollow tubes with openings called pits that run from the roots up through the stem and into the leaves
Function of phloem?
transport food
Describe briefly phloem.
consists of a series of tube-like structures - sieve tubes
Name the 4 main types of animal tissue.
epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous
Connective tissue consists of?
a number of cells spread out in a matrix/material that is produced by the connective cells
Function of connective tissue?
joins and supports other body structures
Examples of connective tissue?
cartilage, bone, blood
Nervous tissue is composed of?
nerve cells called neurons
Function of nervous tissue?
carry electrical impulses to and from the brain and spinal cord, allowing the body control
What is tissue culture?
the growth of cells in a sterile, nutrient rich medium outside the organism
Why is sterility important for tissue culture?
they might contaminate the product
Sterile meaning?
absence of all microorganisms
In tissue culture, the medium must contain X to ensure cells have….
nutrients,
energy to grow
What is micropropagation?
the growth of large numbers of plants from very small plant pieces
3 benefits of micropropagation?
- large numbers of plants are produced in a short time
- plants grown in this way are genetically identical
- an inexpensive way to produce large numbers of similar plants
Name the use of tissue culture in animals and plants.
skin grafts
micropropagation
2 benefits of skin grafts?
- no need to remove skin from another part of the body
- new skin is identical to patient’s skin and isn’t rejected by their body
What is an organ?
a group of similar tissues working together to carry one or more functions
Name some plant organs.
roots
stems
leaves
seeds
fruits
Name some animal organs.
stomach
brain
lungs
liver
kidney
heart
What is an organ system?
group of similar organs working together to carry out one or more functions
Examples of human organ systems?
digestive, reproductive, endocrine
Examples of plant organ systems?
flower, root system
