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USMLE Step 2 > UWorld_8.03 > Flashcards

UWorld_8.03 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Birth defects 2/2 phenytoin use in pregnancy

A
  • “fetal hydantoin syndrome”:
  • microcephaly
  • small body size
  • digital hypolasia
  • hirsutism
  • cleft palate
  • rib anomalies
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2
Q

Clinical manifestations of neonatal sepsis

A

-most common: T>38 or

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3
Q

Zinc deficiency cause/presentation

A
  • TPN vs. malabsoprtion
  • alopecia
  • skin lesion
  • abnormal taste
  • impaired wound healting
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4
Q

Selenium deficiency ==> ?

A

cardiomyopathy

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5
Q

Ototoxic drugs

A
  • loop diuretics (esp. @ renal failure)
  • aminoglycosides
  • ASA at high doses
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6
Q

high-risk pulm. nodules

A
  • > 2cm
  • age >60
  • current smoker/cessation
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7
Q

intermediate-risk pulm. nodules

A
  • 0.8-2cm
  • age 40-60
  • current smoker/cessation 5-15ya
  • scalloped border
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8
Q

Medications assoc. w/idiopathic intracranial HTN

A
  • GH
  • tetracycline (minocycline, doxycycline)
  • excess vitamin A/derivatives (isotretinoin, retinoic acid)
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9
Q

Beta-blocker overdose presentation

A
  • bradycardia
  • hypotension
  • wheezing
  • hypoglycemia
  • delerium, sz
  • cardiogenic shock
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10
Q

Management of beta-blocker overdose

A
  1. IV fluids + atropine

2. IV glucagon for profound/refractory hypotension

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11
Q

Management of brain metastases

A
  • single + good fxnl status ==> surgical resection
  • multiple ==> whole brain radiation
  • multiple/poor fxnl/widespread recurrence ==> supportive
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12
Q

Most common predisposing factor for acute bacterial sinusitis

A

viral URI

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13
Q

Asterixis associations

A
  • hepatic encephalopathy
  • uremic encephalopathy
  • CO2 retention
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14
Q

Disseminated gonoccocal infection ==>

A
  • polyarthralgia
  • tenosynovitis
  • vesiculopapular skin lesions
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15
Q

Types of fetal growth restriction

A

-asymmetric ==> “head-sparing” affects head & body equally

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16
Q

Causes of asymmetric IUGR

A
  • maternal factors:
  • vascular dz
  • APAb
  • autoimmune
  • cyanotic heart disease
  • substance abuse
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17
Q

Causes of symmetric IUGR

A
  • fetal factors:
  • genetic d/o
  • congenital heart disease
  • intrauterine infection
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18
Q

Aortic regurg. murmur & PE findings

A
  • early diastolic murmur ==>

- hyperdynamic/bounding peripheral pulse

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19
Q

Hypoventilation ==> ABG

A
  • hypoventilation ==> normal A-a gradient
  • respiratory acidosis
  • low SpO2
20
Q

Renal cell carcinoma presentation

A
  • flank pain, hematuria, +/- palpable abdominal mass
  • L-sided ==> non-emptying scrotal varicoceles
  • paraneoplastic sx: anemia vs. erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis, fever, hypercalcemia, cachexia
21
Q

Classic appendicitis presentation ==> ?

A
  • laparoscopy w/out further imaging

- imaging only if nonclassic sx

22
Q

Rifampin SE

A

red urine

23
Q

Cerebellar tumors ==>

A
  • ispilateral ataxia
  • nystagmus
  • intention tremors
  • loss of coordination
24
Q

Hydroxychloroquine SE

A

retinopathy

25
Q

Postcholecystectomy syndrome presentation/evaluation

A
  • persistent abdominal pain/dyspepsia postop or delayed after cholecystectomy
    1. abdominal imaging (US)
    2. direct visualization (ERCP
26
Q

Ichthyosis vulgaris presentation

A
  • dry/rough skin
  • horny plates over extensor surfaces of limbs
  • “lizard skin”
27
Q

Psoriasis presentation

A

-silvery scales @ extensors: elbows, knees, scalp, trunk

28
Q

SE of O2 therapy in severe COPD

A
  • can lead to increased hypercapnea 2/2 increased dead space perfusion ==> V/Q mismatch, decreased aff. of oxygemoglobin to CO2, and reduced alveolar ventilation
  • goal spO2 = 90-93%
29
Q

Testing for lactose intolerance

A
  • (+) hydrogen breath test
  • (+) stool test for reducing substances
  • low stool pH
  • increased stool osmotic gap
30
Q

When to vaccinate against yellow fever

A

before travel to sub-saharan african and equatorial S. American countries

31
Q

Elderly pt. w/GI painless bleeding + maroon-colored stools ==> dx?

A

angiodysplasia = dilated submucosal veins and AV malformations
frequently missed on colonoscopy

32
Q

TEN vs. SJS

A
  • 30% BSA = TEN
33
Q

MOA of sodium bicarb in TCA overdose

A
  • increases serum pH & extracellular sodium ==>

- releives cardio-depressant action on myocardial sodium channels

34
Q

Evaluation of zenker’s diverticulum

A

contrast esophogram (not GI endoscopy)

35
Q

CT in PE

A

classic = wedge-shaped infarction

36
Q

Increased palpitations when lying on left side ==> dx?

A

aortic regurgitation ==> brings enlarged L. ventricle closer to chest wall and leads to pounding sensation

37
Q

Initial eval/management of GCA

A
  1. steroids (high dose IV methylpred)

2. temporal artery biopsy

38
Q

Most common STD/gram stain

A
  • chlamydia > gonorrhea
  • neither usually show on gram stain
    • nucleic acid testing
39
Q

Tx of central retinal artery occlusion

A

ocular massage and high flow oxygen

40
Q

Presentation of menopausal genitourinary syndrome

A
  • vulvovaginal atrophy

- + urinary sx ==> UTIs, incontinence

41
Q

central vs. peripheral facial n. lesion

A
  • peripheral = ipsilateral weakness of all facial m.

- central ==> contralateral weakness that spares the forehead/ability to close eye

42
Q

Causes of primary adrenal insufficiency

A
  • autoimmune
  • infections (TB, HIV, diss. fungal)
  • hemorrhagic infarction
  • metastatic
43
Q

CSF in GBS

A

elevated protein w/normal cell count

44
Q

Facial rash in SLE

A

darker erythema, spares the nasolabial folds

45
Q

Middle mediastinal tumors

A
  • tracheal tumors
  • pericardial cysts
  • lymphoma
  • aortic aneurysms

USMLE Step 2 (38 decks)

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