UWorld_8.03 Flashcards
1
Q
Birth defects 2/2 phenytoin use in pregnancy
A
- “fetal hydantoin syndrome”:
- microcephaly
- small body size
- digital hypolasia
- hirsutism
- cleft palate
- rib anomalies
2
Q
Clinical manifestations of neonatal sepsis
A
-most common: T>38 or
3
Q
Zinc deficiency cause/presentation
A
- TPN vs. malabsoprtion
- alopecia
- skin lesion
- abnormal taste
- impaired wound healting
4
Q
Selenium deficiency ==> ?
A
cardiomyopathy
5
Q
Ototoxic drugs
A
- loop diuretics (esp. @ renal failure)
- aminoglycosides
- ASA at high doses
6
Q
high-risk pulm. nodules
A
- > 2cm
- age >60
- current smoker/cessation
7
Q
intermediate-risk pulm. nodules
A
- 0.8-2cm
- age 40-60
- current smoker/cessation 5-15ya
- scalloped border
8
Q
Medications assoc. w/idiopathic intracranial HTN
A
- GH
- tetracycline (minocycline, doxycycline)
- excess vitamin A/derivatives (isotretinoin, retinoic acid)
9
Q
Beta-blocker overdose presentation
A
- bradycardia
- hypotension
- wheezing
- hypoglycemia
- delerium, sz
- cardiogenic shock
10
Q
Management of beta-blocker overdose
A
- IV fluids + atropine
2. IV glucagon for profound/refractory hypotension
11
Q
Management of brain metastases
A
- single + good fxnl status ==> surgical resection
- multiple ==> whole brain radiation
- multiple/poor fxnl/widespread recurrence ==> supportive
12
Q
Most common predisposing factor for acute bacterial sinusitis
A
viral URI
13
Q
Asterixis associations
A
- hepatic encephalopathy
- uremic encephalopathy
- CO2 retention
14
Q
Disseminated gonoccocal infection ==>
A
- polyarthralgia
- tenosynovitis
- vesiculopapular skin lesions
15
Q
Types of fetal growth restriction
A
-asymmetric ==> “head-sparing” affects head & body equally
16
Q
Causes of asymmetric IUGR
A
- maternal factors:
- vascular dz
- APAb
- autoimmune
- cyanotic heart disease
- substance abuse
17
Q
Causes of symmetric IUGR
A
- fetal factors:
- genetic d/o
- congenital heart disease
- intrauterine infection
18
Q
Aortic regurg. murmur & PE findings
A
- early diastolic murmur ==>
- hyperdynamic/bounding peripheral pulse
19
Q
Hypoventilation ==> ABG
A
- hypoventilation ==> normal A-a gradient
- respiratory acidosis
- low SpO2
20
Q
Renal cell carcinoma presentation
A
- flank pain, hematuria, +/- palpable abdominal mass
- L-sided ==> non-emptying scrotal varicoceles
- paraneoplastic sx: anemia vs. erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis, fever, hypercalcemia, cachexia
21
Q
Classic appendicitis presentation ==> ?
A
- laparoscopy w/out further imaging
- imaging only if nonclassic sx
22
Q
Rifampin SE
A
red urine
23
Q
Cerebellar tumors ==>
A
- ispilateral ataxia
- nystagmus
- intention tremors
- loss of coordination
24
Q
Hydroxychloroquine SE
A
retinopathy
25
Postcholecystectomy syndrome presentation/evaluation
- persistent abdominal pain/dyspepsia postop or delayed after cholecystectomy
1. abdominal imaging (US)
2. direct visualization (ERCP
26
Ichthyosis vulgaris presentation
- dry/rough skin
- horny plates over extensor surfaces of limbs
- "lizard skin"
27
Psoriasis presentation
-silvery scales @ extensors: elbows, knees, scalp, trunk
28
SE of O2 therapy in severe COPD
- can lead to increased hypercapnea 2/2 increased dead space perfusion ==> V/Q mismatch, decreased aff. of oxygemoglobin to CO2, and reduced alveolar ventilation
- goal spO2 = 90-93%
29
Testing for lactose intolerance
- (+) hydrogen breath test
- (+) stool test for reducing substances
- low stool pH
- increased stool osmotic gap
30
When to vaccinate against yellow fever
before travel to sub-saharan african and equatorial S. American countries
31
Elderly pt. w/GI painless bleeding + maroon-colored stools ==> dx?
angiodysplasia = dilated submucosal veins and AV malformations
frequently missed on colonoscopy
32
TEN vs. SJS
- 30% BSA = TEN
33
MOA of sodium bicarb in TCA overdose
- increases serum pH & extracellular sodium ==>
| - releives cardio-depressant action on myocardial sodium channels
34
Evaluation of zenker's diverticulum
contrast esophogram (not GI endoscopy)
35
CT in PE
classic = wedge-shaped infarction
36
Increased palpitations when lying on left side ==> dx?
aortic regurgitation ==> brings enlarged L. ventricle closer to chest wall and leads to pounding sensation
37
Initial eval/management of GCA
1. steroids (high dose IV methylpred)
| 2. temporal artery biopsy
38
Most common STD/gram stain
- chlamydia > gonorrhea
- neither usually show on gram stain
- + nucleic acid testing
39
Tx of central retinal artery occlusion
ocular massage and high flow oxygen
40
Presentation of menopausal genitourinary syndrome
- vulvovaginal atrophy
| - + urinary sx ==> UTIs, incontinence
41
central vs. peripheral facial n. lesion
- peripheral = ipsilateral weakness of all facial m.
| - central ==> contralateral weakness that spares the forehead/ability to close eye
42
Causes of primary adrenal insufficiency
- autoimmune
- infections (TB, HIV, diss. fungal)
- hemorrhagic infarction
- metastatic
43
CSF in GBS
elevated protein w/normal cell count
44
Facial rash in SLE
darker erythema, spares the nasolabial folds
45
Middle mediastinal tumors
- tracheal tumors
- pericardial cysts
- lymphoma
- aortic aneurysms
