UWorld_7.31 Flashcards
1
Q
Active herpes lesions @ delivery ==> ?
A
c-section
2
Q
abnormal biophysical profile
A
-NST: 50% contractions
3
Q
Kallman syndrome cause
A
- X-linked recessive
- d/o of olfactory neurons and GnRH ==>
- hypogonadotropic hypogonadism + difficulty smelling
4
Q
Leukoplakia characteristics
A
- white granular patch @ buccal mucosa
- assoc. w/smokeless tobacco and alcohol use
- precancerous ==> squamous carcinoma w/in 10 years
5
Q
Cavernous hemangioma presentation
A
- soft, blue compressible masses
- @ brain/organs = assoc. VHL
6
Q
Strawberry vs. Cherry hemangioma
A
- strawberry = infants
- cherry = elderly
7
Q
Herpangina presentation/cause/tx
A
- fever
- sore throat
- gray vesicles/ulcers @ posterior oropharynx
- caused by Coxsackie A virus
- supportive tx
8
Q
Herpetic gingivostomatitis presentation/cause/tx
A
- fever
- sore throat
- erythematous gingiva
- clusters of vesicles @ anterior oropharynx
- caused by HSV-1
- tx = oral acyclovir
9
Q
pseudogout vs. gout crystals
A
- pseudogout = calcium pyrophosphate ==> rhomboid, positive birefringence
- gout = urate/uric acid crystale ==> needle-shaped, negative birefringence
10
Q
Acalculous cholecystitis presentation
A
- @ severely ill patients
- vague clinical signs of infection
- gallbladder wall thickening + pericholecystic fluid
11
Q
Physical activity in mononucleiosis
A
avoid contact sports for >3weeks
12
Q
Smoker w/clubbing + sudden joint pain ==> ?
A
- hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
- assoc. w/lung cancer ==> CXR for eval
13
Q
ARDS management
A
- mechanical ventilation:
- low TV (prevent alveolar overdistension)
- high PEEP
- permissive hypercapnia
- adequate oxygenation (SpO2 > 88%)
14
Q
Milk-induced colitis presentation
A
- presents at age 2-8 weeks
- regurgitation or vomiting
- +/- painless bloody stools
- +/- eczema
15
Q
Milk-induced colitis tx
A
- elimination of milk & soy from maternal diet of exclusively breastfed infants
- hydrolyzed formula in formula-fed infants
16
Q
Echinococcosis presentation
A
- caused by tapeworm echinococcus
- hydatid cysts w/daughter cysts @ liver
- assoc. w/sheep contact
17
Q
Risk in pig farmers
A
neurocysticercosis
18
Q
Most sensitive lab abnormality for hypovolemia
A
elevated BUN/serum Cr
19
Q
Alcoholic hallucinosis vs. delirium tremens
A
- both have hallucinations
- hallucinosis = stable vital signs, intact orientation
- tremens = unstable vitals, AMS
20
Q
anti-cardiolipin antibodies ==>
A
anti-phospholipid antibodies
21
Q
Cryoglobulinemia presentation
A
- vasculitis w/skin, kidney, joint involvement
- low complement, elevated RF
- increased LFTs
22
Q
pH in ASA toxicity
A
near-normal (2/2 mixed resp. alkalosis and met acidosis)
23
Q
“dominant frontal lobe” =
A
left hemisphere frontal (Broca’s location)
24
Q
D-xylose test
A
- pancreatic insuff. ==> normal absorption
- malabsoprtion ==> decreased absorption
- if improves w/rifaximin ==> SBBO
- if doesn’t improve w/rifaximin ==> celiac
25
Complication of giant cell arteritis
aortic aneurysm
26
indinavir: MOA, SE
- MOA: protease inhibitor
| - SE: crystal-induced nephropathy
27
life-threatening complications of HIV therapy
1. didanosine-induced pancreatitis
2. abacavir-related hypersensitivity syndrome
3. lactic acidosis 2/2 NTRIs
4. SJS 2/2 NNTRIs
5. nevirapine-assoc. liver failure
28
Pancoast tumor presentation
- shoulder pain + pain/paresthesis @ forearm
- horner's syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis)
- weakness/atrophy of hand m.
- enlarged supraclavicular nodes
29
Normal AG metabolic acidosis
- diarrhea
- fistulas
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide)
- renal tubular acidosis
- ureteral diversion
- iatrogenic
30
Endometrial hyperplasia management
- w/atypia ==> hysterectomy
| - w/out atypia ==> progestin
31
neuroimaging in autism
increased total brain volume
32
neuroimaging in OCD
orbitofrontal cortex & striatum
33
neuroimaging in panic d/o
decrease amygdala volume
34
neuroimaging in PTSD
hippocampal volume
35
neuroimaging in schizophrenia
enlargement of cerebral ventricles
36
GI illness + periorbital edema, myositis ==> dx?
trichenellosis
37
Trichinellosis presentation/cause
- ingestion of undercooked meat
- GI illness, then resolves
- muscle stage:
- myositis
- fever, subungal splinter hemorrhages
- periorbital edema
- **eosinophilia
38
Carcinoid syndrome presentation
- skin: flushing, telangiectasias, cyanosis
- GI: diarrhea, cramping
- cardiac: valvular lesions (R>L)
- pulmonary: bronchospasm
- niacin def. ==> dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
39
Parkinsonism + orthostatic hypotension + autonomic sx ==> dx?
multiple system atrophy/Shy-drager syndrome
40
Exam findings in ankylosing spondylitis
- arthritis (SI)
- reduced chest expansion & spinal mobility
- enthesitis (tenderness @ tendon insertion)
- dactylitis
- uveitis
41
Clinical presentation of alcoholic hepatitis
- jaundice, fever, anorexia
- RUQ pain
- abdominal distention
- +/- m. weakness
- +/- hepatic encephalopathy
42
Tx of vaginismus
kegels + dilation
43
Patchy erythema @ small palate of child/infant ==> ?
forschheimer spots; assoc. w/rubella
44
Measles vs. Rubella rash
- rubella = pinkish maculopapular rash, spreads quickly
| - measles = darker, reddish-brown, spreads more slowly + higher fevers
45
Chronic bronchitis vs. bronchiectasis
- chronic bronchitis = chronic cough w/minimal or no sputum
| - bronchiectasis = large volume sputum, chronic cough
