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USMLE Step 2 > UWorld_7.31 > Flashcards

UWorld_7.31 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Active herpes lesions @ delivery ==> ?

A

c-section

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2
Q

abnormal biophysical profile

A

-NST: 50% contractions

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3
Q

Kallman syndrome cause

A
  • X-linked recessive
  • d/o of olfactory neurons and GnRH ==>
  • hypogonadotropic hypogonadism + difficulty smelling
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4
Q

Leukoplakia characteristics

A
  • white granular patch @ buccal mucosa
  • assoc. w/smokeless tobacco and alcohol use
  • precancerous ==> squamous carcinoma w/in 10 years
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5
Q

Cavernous hemangioma presentation

A
  • soft, blue compressible masses

- @ brain/organs = assoc. VHL

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6
Q

Strawberry vs. Cherry hemangioma

A
  • strawberry = infants

- cherry = elderly

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7
Q

Herpangina presentation/cause/tx

A
  • fever
  • sore throat
  • gray vesicles/ulcers @ posterior oropharynx
  • caused by Coxsackie A virus
  • supportive tx
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8
Q

Herpetic gingivostomatitis presentation/cause/tx

A
  • fever
  • sore throat
  • erythematous gingiva
  • clusters of vesicles @ anterior oropharynx
  • caused by HSV-1
  • tx = oral acyclovir
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9
Q

pseudogout vs. gout crystals

A
  • pseudogout = calcium pyrophosphate ==> rhomboid, positive birefringence
  • gout = urate/uric acid crystale ==> needle-shaped, negative birefringence
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10
Q

Acalculous cholecystitis presentation

A
  • @ severely ill patients
  • vague clinical signs of infection
  • gallbladder wall thickening + pericholecystic fluid
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11
Q

Physical activity in mononucleiosis

A

avoid contact sports for >3weeks

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12
Q

Smoker w/clubbing + sudden joint pain ==> ?

A
  • hypertrophic osteoarthropathy

- assoc. w/lung cancer ==> CXR for eval

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13
Q

ARDS management

A
  • mechanical ventilation:
  • low TV (prevent alveolar overdistension)
  • high PEEP
  • permissive hypercapnia
  • adequate oxygenation (SpO2 > 88%)
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14
Q

Milk-induced colitis presentation

A
  • presents at age 2-8 weeks
  • regurgitation or vomiting
  • +/- painless bloody stools
  • +/- eczema
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15
Q

Milk-induced colitis tx

A
  • elimination of milk & soy from maternal diet of exclusively breastfed infants
  • hydrolyzed formula in formula-fed infants
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16
Q

Echinococcosis presentation

A
  • caused by tapeworm echinococcus
  • hydatid cysts w/daughter cysts @ liver
  • assoc. w/sheep contact
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17
Q

Risk in pig farmers

A

neurocysticercosis

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18
Q

Most sensitive lab abnormality for hypovolemia

A

elevated BUN/serum Cr

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19
Q

Alcoholic hallucinosis vs. delirium tremens

A
  • both have hallucinations
  • hallucinosis = stable vital signs, intact orientation
  • tremens = unstable vitals, AMS
20
Q

anti-cardiolipin antibodies ==>

A

anti-phospholipid antibodies

21
Q

Cryoglobulinemia presentation

A
  • vasculitis w/skin, kidney, joint involvement
  • low complement, elevated RF
  • increased LFTs
22
Q

pH in ASA toxicity

A

near-normal (2/2 mixed resp. alkalosis and met acidosis)

23
Q

“dominant frontal lobe” =

A

left hemisphere frontal (Broca’s location)

24
Q

D-xylose test

A
  • pancreatic insuff. ==> normal absorption
  • malabsoprtion ==> decreased absorption
  • if improves w/rifaximin ==> SBBO
  • if doesn’t improve w/rifaximin ==> celiac
25
Q

Complication of giant cell arteritis

A

aortic aneurysm

26
Q

indinavir: MOA, SE

A
  • MOA: protease inhibitor

- SE: crystal-induced nephropathy

27
Q

life-threatening complications of HIV therapy

A
  1. didanosine-induced pancreatitis
  2. abacavir-related hypersensitivity syndrome
  3. lactic acidosis 2/2 NTRIs
  4. SJS 2/2 NNTRIs
  5. nevirapine-assoc. liver failure
28
Q

Pancoast tumor presentation

A
  • shoulder pain + pain/paresthesis @ forearm
  • horner’s syndrome (ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis)
  • weakness/atrophy of hand m.
  • enlarged supraclavicular nodes
29
Q

Normal AG metabolic acidosis

A
  • diarrhea
  • fistulas
  • carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (acetazolamide)
  • renal tubular acidosis
  • ureteral diversion
  • iatrogenic
30
Q

Endometrial hyperplasia management

A
  • w/atypia ==> hysterectomy

- w/out atypia ==> progestin

31
Q

neuroimaging in autism

A

increased total brain volume

32
Q

neuroimaging in OCD

A

orbitofrontal cortex & striatum

33
Q

neuroimaging in panic d/o

A

decrease amygdala volume

34
Q

neuroimaging in PTSD

A

hippocampal volume

35
Q

neuroimaging in schizophrenia

A

enlargement of cerebral ventricles

36
Q

GI illness + periorbital edema, myositis ==> dx?

A

trichenellosis

37
Q

Trichinellosis presentation/cause

A
  • ingestion of undercooked meat
  • GI illness, then resolves
  • muscle stage:
  • myositis
  • fever, subungal splinter hemorrhages
  • periorbital edema
  • **eosinophilia
38
Q

Carcinoid syndrome presentation

A
  • skin: flushing, telangiectasias, cyanosis
  • GI: diarrhea, cramping
  • cardiac: valvular lesions (R>L)
  • pulmonary: bronchospasm
  • niacin def. ==> dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia
39
Q

Parkinsonism + orthostatic hypotension + autonomic sx ==> dx?

A

multiple system atrophy/Shy-drager syndrome

40
Q

Exam findings in ankylosing spondylitis

A
  • arthritis (SI)
  • reduced chest expansion & spinal mobility
  • enthesitis (tenderness @ tendon insertion)
  • dactylitis
  • uveitis
41
Q

Clinical presentation of alcoholic hepatitis

A
  • jaundice, fever, anorexia
  • RUQ pain
  • abdominal distention
  • +/- m. weakness
  • +/- hepatic encephalopathy
42
Q

Tx of vaginismus

A

kegels + dilation

43
Q

Patchy erythema @ small palate of child/infant ==> ?

A

forschheimer spots; assoc. w/rubella

44
Q

Measles vs. Rubella rash

A
  • rubella = pinkish maculopapular rash, spreads quickly

- measles = darker, reddish-brown, spreads more slowly + higher fevers

45
Q

Chronic bronchitis vs. bronchiectasis

A
  • chronic bronchitis = chronic cough w/minimal or no sputum

- bronchiectasis = large volume sputum, chronic cough

USMLE Step 2 (38 decks)

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