UWorld_7.01 Flashcards
Aplastic anemia vs. aplastic crisis
- aplastic anemia = pancytopenia
- aplastic crisis = sudden halt of RBC production
Pruritic, skin-colored papules w/umbilicated center ==> ?
- molluscum contagiosum
- caused by poxvirus
- prolonged course/widespread indicated impaired cellular immunity/HIV
Common complication of thyroidectomy
post-surgical hypoparathyroidism ==> hypocalcemia ==> non-specific sx, m. cramps/tetany, prolonged QT
Initial evaluation of hypercalcemia
- PTH levels
- elevated PTH ==> primary hyperparathyroidism
- PTH-independent ==> usually malignancy
Long-term in patients with pernicious anemia
gastric cancer
Risk factors for RDS in neonate
- prematurity
- maternal DM
Fever, lethargy, and signs of HF in child ==> dx?
viral myocarditis
Risk factors for Celiac disease
- first degree relative w/celiac
- autoimmune thyroiditis
- T1DM
- Down syndrome
- IgA deficiency
Sx of celiac disease
- GI: abd pain, N/V, diarrhea (occasionally constipation), flatulence/bloating
- extraintestinal: short stature, weight loss, iron def. anemia, dermatitis herpetiformis
Dx of celiac dz.
- anti-TTG
- anti-endomysial ab
- duodenal biopsy w/increased epithelial lymphocytes and flattened villi
Most common cause of B12 deficiency in caucasians
pernicious anemia
Schistocytes 2/2 ….
microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (DIC, HUS, TTP)
Lab values in hemolytic anemia
- decreased haptoglobin
- increased LDH, bili
Nondisplaced scaphoid fx management
immoblization x 6-10weeks
Direct Renin Inhibitor MOA
- enhances natriuresis
- decreases angiotensin II
- decreases aldosterone production
Hairy cell leukemia tx
cladribine = purine analog; se = neuro/kidney toxicity
serum pH impact on Ca
increased pH (alkalosis) ==> dissoc. of H+ from albumin ==> binding of Ca to albumin ==> decreased ionized Ca
How to remove tick?
use tweezers
21-hydroxylase deficiency ==>
- low cortisol/aldosterone
- elevated testosterone
- elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone
- ambig. genitalia in girls
- salt wasting
11b-hydroxylase deficiency ==>
- low cortisol/aldosterone
- elevated testosterone
- elevated 11-deoxycorticosterone = weak MC
- ambig. genitalia in girls
- fluid/salt retention
17a-hydroxylase deficiency ==>
- low cortisol & testosterone
- elevated MCs
- elevated corticosterone = weak GC
- all pt.s phenotypically female
- fluid & salt retention, HTN
First line therapy for uncomplicated cystitis
- TMP-SMX
- nitrofurantoin
- fosfomycin
Effect modification definition
- external variable positively or negatively impacts of a risk factor on the disease of interest
- distinguished for confounding by performing a stratified analysis
