UWorld_7.28 Flashcards

1
Q

Labs to check before starting Li

A

creatinine

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2
Q

Peripheral smear in lead poisoning

A

basophilic stippling

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3
Q

Risk factor for clear cell adenocarcinoma of cervix/vagina

A

DES exposure in utero

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4
Q

DES exposure in utero consequences

A
  • clear cell adenocarcinoma of cervix/vagina
  • structural anomalies of reproductive tract: hooded cervix, T-shaped uterus, small uterine cavity, vaginal septae
  • pregnancy problems
  • infertility
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5
Q

Amox-clav coverage

A
  • gram +
  • gram -
  • anearobes
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6
Q

Abx for human bite

A

amox-clav; also for dog bites

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7
Q

First line tx of idiopathic intracranial HTN

A

acetazolamide (inhibits choriod plexus carbonic anhydrase) +/- furosemide

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8
Q

Evaluation of renal colic in pregnant patients

A
  • US = first line

- low dose CT urography can be considered in 2nd/3rd trimesters

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9
Q

Management of kidney stones in pregnancy

A
  1. conservative measures
  2. uterocsopy or nephrostomy if refractory
  3. shockwave lithotripsy is contraindicated
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10
Q

HCM inheritance

A

autosomal dominant

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11
Q

Dx of carpal tunnel syndrome

A

nerve conduction study

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12
Q

Main cause of acute interstitial nephritis

A

drugs: PCNs, TMP-SMX, cephalosporins, NSAIDs

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13
Q

Presentation of acute interstitial nephritis

A
  • maculopapular rash
  • fever
  • new drug exposure
  • +/- arthralgias
  • AKI
  • pyuria, hematuria, WBC casts
  • eosinophils @ urine
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14
Q

Best long-term tx of graves

A

radioactive iodine therapy

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15
Q

Anion gap =

A

Na - (Cl + HCO3) > 16

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16
Q

DDx of AGMA w/elevated serum lactic acid

A

lactic acidosis/hypoperfusion

17
Q

DDx of AGMA w/hx of drug ingestion

A
  • salicylates (early resp. alkalosis)
  • isoniazid
  • iron
18
Q

DDx of AGMA w/osmolal gap

A
  • ethylene glycol ==> urinary calcium oxalate crystals (rectangular, envelope-shaped)
  • methanol ==> blindness
  • propylene glycol
19
Q

AGMA + urine calcium oxalate crystals ==> dx?

A

ethylene glycol ingestion

20
Q

AGMA + blindness ==> dx?

A

methanol ingestion

21
Q

Osmolal gap calculation

A

OG = measured - calculated (normal

22
Q

Patellofemoral pain presentation

A
  • young female athletes
  • subacute pain; increased w/squatting, running, stairs, prolonged sitting
    • patellofemoral compression test
23
Q

Patellar tendonitis presentation

A
  • athletes (“jumpers knee”)
  • episodic
  • tenderness @ inferior patella
24
Q

CHF impact on renal physiology

A

-CHF ==> decreased effective arterial volume ==> activation of RAAS ==> increased AgII ==> vasoconstriction of efferent renal arterioles (in order to maintain adequate intraglomerular pressure/GFR)

25
Characteristics of leukemoid reaction
- response to severe infection ==> WBCs > 50,000 - high alk phos - greater metamyelocytes vs. myelocytes (Myelocytes > metamyelocytes @ CML) - no absolute basophilia (vs. + @ CML)
26
Milk-alkali pathophysiology and sx
- excess intake of Ca & absorbable alkali - renal vasoconstriction ==> decreased GFR - renal loss of sodium/H2O; reabsorption of HCO3 - N/V, constipation - polyuria, polydipsia - neuropsych sx
27
Lab findings in milk-alkali syndrome
- hypercalcemia - metabolic alkalosis - AKI - suppressed PTH
28
Tx of milk-alkali
- d/c causative agent | - isotonic saline + furosemide
29
Vitamin A toxicity presentation
- abdominal pain - dry skin, H/A, blurred vision - hypercalcemia
30
Future vaccinations in prev. febrile sz. w/DTaP vaccine
- give DTap | - tylenol does not prevent febrile sz