UWorld_7.28 Flashcards
Labs to check before starting Li
creatinine
Peripheral smear in lead poisoning
basophilic stippling
Risk factor for clear cell adenocarcinoma of cervix/vagina
DES exposure in utero
DES exposure in utero consequences
- clear cell adenocarcinoma of cervix/vagina
- structural anomalies of reproductive tract: hooded cervix, T-shaped uterus, small uterine cavity, vaginal septae
- pregnancy problems
- infertility
Amox-clav coverage
- gram +
- gram -
- anearobes
Abx for human bite
amox-clav; also for dog bites
First line tx of idiopathic intracranial HTN
acetazolamide (inhibits choriod plexus carbonic anhydrase) +/- furosemide
Evaluation of renal colic in pregnant patients
- US = first line
- low dose CT urography can be considered in 2nd/3rd trimesters
Management of kidney stones in pregnancy
- conservative measures
- uterocsopy or nephrostomy if refractory
- shockwave lithotripsy is contraindicated
HCM inheritance
autosomal dominant
Dx of carpal tunnel syndrome
nerve conduction study
Main cause of acute interstitial nephritis
drugs: PCNs, TMP-SMX, cephalosporins, NSAIDs
Presentation of acute interstitial nephritis
- maculopapular rash
- fever
- new drug exposure
- +/- arthralgias
- AKI
- pyuria, hematuria, WBC casts
- eosinophils @ urine
Best long-term tx of graves
radioactive iodine therapy
Anion gap =
Na - (Cl + HCO3) > 16
DDx of AGMA w/elevated serum lactic acid
lactic acidosis/hypoperfusion
DDx of AGMA w/hx of drug ingestion
- salicylates (early resp. alkalosis)
- isoniazid
- iron
DDx of AGMA w/osmolal gap
- ethylene glycol ==> urinary calcium oxalate crystals (rectangular, envelope-shaped)
- methanol ==> blindness
- propylene glycol
AGMA + urine calcium oxalate crystals ==> dx?
ethylene glycol ingestion
AGMA + blindness ==> dx?
methanol ingestion
Osmolal gap calculation
OG = measured - calculated (normal
Patellofemoral pain presentation
- young female athletes
- subacute pain; increased w/squatting, running, stairs, prolonged sitting
- patellofemoral compression test
Patellar tendonitis presentation
- athletes (“jumpers knee”)
- episodic
- tenderness @ inferior patella
CHF impact on renal physiology
-CHF ==> decreased effective arterial volume ==> activation of RAAS ==> increased AgII ==> vasoconstriction of efferent renal arterioles (in order to maintain adequate intraglomerular pressure/GFR)
Characteristics of leukemoid reaction
- response to severe infection ==> WBCs > 50,000
- high alk phos
- greater metamyelocytes vs. myelocytes (Myelocytes > metamyelocytes @ CML)
- no absolute basophilia (vs. + @ CML)
Milk-alkali pathophysiology and sx
- excess intake of Ca & absorbable alkali
- renal vasoconstriction ==> decreased GFR
- renal loss of sodium/H2O; reabsorption of HCO3
- N/V, constipation
- polyuria, polydipsia
- neuropsych sx
Lab findings in milk-alkali syndrome
- hypercalcemia
- metabolic alkalosis
- AKI
- suppressed PTH
Tx of milk-alkali
- d/c causative agent
- isotonic saline + furosemide
Vitamin A toxicity presentation
- abdominal pain
- dry skin, H/A, blurred vision
- hypercalcemia
Future vaccinations in prev. febrile sz. w/DTaP vaccine
- give DTap
- tylenol does not prevent febrile sz
