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USMLE Step 2 > UWorld_6.7 > Flashcards

UWorld_6.7 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Alport Syndrome

A
  • recurrent hematuria + fhx of renal failure

- sensorineural deafness

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2
Q

Causes of pulsus paradoxus

A
  • pulsus paradoxus = >10mmHg fall in BP during inspiration
  • cardiac tamponade/pericardial effusion
  • severe COPD
  • severe asthma
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3
Q

plantar wart presentation/cause

A
  • caused by HPV
  • occur commonly @ young adults and immunocompromised pt.s
  • hyperkeratotic papules @ sole of foot
  • painful with walking/standing
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4
Q

traction apophysitis presentation

A
  • traction ap @ tibial tubercle = osgood-scjlatter dz
  • common cause of knee pain among adolescents, esp. w/repetitive running, jumping, etc.
  • pain/swelling/bony formation @ anterior tibial tubercle
  • reproduced with resisted knee extension
  • xray: may have separation @ tubercle
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5
Q

patellar tendonitis point of tenderness

A
  • ant. knee pain after exercise

- inferior pole of patella

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6
Q

patellofemoral stress syndrome

A
  • overuse injury seen in runners
  • anterior knee pain, worse w/descending hills/stairs
  • pain @ patella
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7
Q

Complications of total body burn

A
  1. hypovolemic shock

2. bacterial infection/sepsis

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8
Q

Common causes of diarrhea in patients w/AIDS

A

-cryptosporidium @

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9
Q

cryptosporidium GI presentation

A

-AIDS pt. @

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10
Q

microsporidium GI presentation

A

-AIDS pt. @

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11
Q

MAC GI presentation

A
  • AIDS pt. @ 39

- weight loss

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12
Q

CMV GI presentation

A

-AIDS pt. @

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13
Q

CMV GI evaluation/tx

A
  • colonoscopy w/biopsy
  • ganciclovir + antiretroviral
  • ocular eval for concurrent retinitis
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14
Q

Uterine rupture presentation

A
  • sudden onset vaginal bleeding
  • constant abdominal pain
  • loss of fetal station, absent uterine contractions
  • fetal deterioration
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15
Q

Vasa previa presentation

A
  • painless vaginal bleeding w/rupture of membranes

- fetal deterioration ==> sinusoidal tracing or bradycardia

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16
Q

Management of right ventricular MI

A
  • same as MI except NEED to MAINTAIN PRELOAD
  • avoid nitrates, diuretics, opioids
  • may need IVF
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17
Q

Presentation of right ventricular MI

A
  • ST elevations @ inferior wall (II, III, aVF)
  • sx of MI (chest pain, diaphoresis, dyspnea)
  • hypotension
  • distended jugular veins
18
Q

Mysathenia gravis cause

A
  • auto-antibody mediated destruction of Ach receptors

- associated w/thymoma ==> anterior mediastinal mass

19
Q

Late-term/postterm complications for fetus

A
  • meconium aspiration
  • oligohydramnios
  • stillbirth
  • macrosomia
  • convulsions
20
Q

Late-term/postterm complications for mother

A
  • c-section
  • infection
  • postpartum hemorrhage
  • perineal trauma
21
Q

Laryngomalacia presentation

A
  • inspiratory stridor
  • worsens when supine, crying, or feeding
  • improves in prone position
  • begins as neonate, peaks @ 4-8 mo.
22
Q

Laryngomalacia dx/tx

A
  • laryngoscopy for dx: shows collapse of supraglottic structures
  • tx: usually reassurance, surgery in severe
23
Q

Vascular dementia presentation

A
  • stepwise decline
  • early executive dysfxn
  • cerebral infraction/white matter changes on neuroimaging
24
Q

Lewy body dementia presentaion

A
  • visual hallucination
  • spontaneous parkinsonism
  • fluctuating cognition
25
Q

Fluphenazine SE/complication

A
  • fluphenazine = typical high-potency antipsychotic

- interferes with body’s shivering mechanism ==> hypothermia

26
Q

Acute aspirin poisoning presentation

A
  • tinnitus, fever, hyperpnea ==> respiratory alkalosis

- metabolic acidosis

27
Q

Iron toxicity antidote

A

deferoxamine

28
Q

Iron toxicity presentation

A
  • abdominal pain
  • hematemesis
  • metabolic acidosis
  • tablets can be seen on xray
29
Q

Evaluation of suspected head/neck squamous cell carcinoma

A

panendoscopy = esophagoscopy, bronchoscopy, laryngoscopy

30
Q

Cauda equina presentation

A
  • bilateral, severe radicular pain
  • saddle anesthesia
  • asymmetric motor weakness
  • hyporeflexia
  • late onset bowel/bladder dysfxn
31
Q

Conus medullaris presentation

A
  • sudden onset back pain
  • perianal anesthesia
  • symmetric motor weakness
  • hyperreflexia
  • early-onset bowel/bladder dysfxn
32
Q

PPx in HIV

A

-TMP-SMX @ CD4

33
Q

Evaluation/tx if screening lead in child is elevated

A
  1. venous lead level draw
    a. if mild ( rpt. in 1 mo.
    b. if mod (45-70) ==> DMSA
    c. if severe (>70) ==> dimercaprol + EDTA
34
Q

Electrolyte disturbances in chronic alcoholics

A
  • hypokalemia
  • hypomagnesemia ==> refractory hypokalemia (must correct Mg in order to correct K)
  • hypophosphatemia
35
Q

Most common cause of PNA in HIV patients

A

S. pneumo

36
Q

P. jiroveci presentation

A
  • immunocompromised
  • dry cough + dyspnea
  • CSR: diffuse bilateral infiltrates
37
Q

Causes of acute epididymitis

A
  • younger men: C. tracho or N. gono

- older: E.coli

38
Q

Evaluation of recurrent stye (chalazion)

A
  • histopathological exam
  • risk for underlying sebaceous gland carcinoma
  • basal cell carcinoma may occur @ lid margin and may appear like a chalazion
39
Q

Most common type of thyroid cancer

A

papillary

40
Q

Potential complication and indication of IUFD

A
  • DIC may develop after IUFD

- fibrinogen/platelet levels in the low-normal range may indicate developing DIC

41
Q

Evaluation of pelvic mass in asx woman

A
  1. TVUS

2. CA-125 level follow conservatively

USMLE Step 2 (38 decks)

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