UWorld_6.7 Flashcards
Alport Syndrome
- recurrent hematuria + fhx of renal failure
- sensorineural deafness
Causes of pulsus paradoxus
- pulsus paradoxus = >10mmHg fall in BP during inspiration
- cardiac tamponade/pericardial effusion
- severe COPD
- severe asthma
plantar wart presentation/cause
- caused by HPV
- occur commonly @ young adults and immunocompromised pt.s
- hyperkeratotic papules @ sole of foot
- painful with walking/standing
traction apophysitis presentation
- traction ap @ tibial tubercle = osgood-scjlatter dz
- common cause of knee pain among adolescents, esp. w/repetitive running, jumping, etc.
- pain/swelling/bony formation @ anterior tibial tubercle
- reproduced with resisted knee extension
- xray: may have separation @ tubercle
patellar tendonitis point of tenderness
- ant. knee pain after exercise
- inferior pole of patella
patellofemoral stress syndrome
- overuse injury seen in runners
- anterior knee pain, worse w/descending hills/stairs
- pain @ patella
Complications of total body burn
- hypovolemic shock
2. bacterial infection/sepsis
Common causes of diarrhea in patients w/AIDS
-cryptosporidium @
cryptosporidium GI presentation
-AIDS pt. @
microsporidium GI presentation
-AIDS pt. @
MAC GI presentation
- AIDS pt. @ 39
- weight loss
CMV GI presentation
-AIDS pt. @
CMV GI evaluation/tx
- colonoscopy w/biopsy
- ganciclovir + antiretroviral
- ocular eval for concurrent retinitis
Uterine rupture presentation
- sudden onset vaginal bleeding
- constant abdominal pain
- loss of fetal station, absent uterine contractions
- fetal deterioration
Vasa previa presentation
- painless vaginal bleeding w/rupture of membranes
- fetal deterioration ==> sinusoidal tracing or bradycardia
Management of right ventricular MI
- same as MI except NEED to MAINTAIN PRELOAD
- avoid nitrates, diuretics, opioids
- may need IVF
Presentation of right ventricular MI
- ST elevations @ inferior wall (II, III, aVF)
- sx of MI (chest pain, diaphoresis, dyspnea)
- hypotension
- distended jugular veins
Mysathenia gravis cause
- auto-antibody mediated destruction of Ach receptors
- associated w/thymoma ==> anterior mediastinal mass
Late-term/postterm complications for fetus
- meconium aspiration
- oligohydramnios
- stillbirth
- macrosomia
- convulsions
Late-term/postterm complications for mother
- c-section
- infection
- postpartum hemorrhage
- perineal trauma
Laryngomalacia presentation
- inspiratory stridor
- worsens when supine, crying, or feeding
- improves in prone position
- begins as neonate, peaks @ 4-8 mo.
Laryngomalacia dx/tx
- laryngoscopy for dx: shows collapse of supraglottic structures
- tx: usually reassurance, surgery in severe
Vascular dementia presentation
- stepwise decline
- early executive dysfxn
- cerebral infraction/white matter changes on neuroimaging
Lewy body dementia presentaion
- visual hallucination
- spontaneous parkinsonism
- fluctuating cognition
Fluphenazine SE/complication
- fluphenazine = typical high-potency antipsychotic
- interferes with body’s shivering mechanism ==> hypothermia
Acute aspirin poisoning presentation
- tinnitus, fever, hyperpnea ==> respiratory alkalosis
- metabolic acidosis
Iron toxicity antidote
deferoxamine
Iron toxicity presentation
- abdominal pain
- hematemesis
- metabolic acidosis
- tablets can be seen on xray
Evaluation of suspected head/neck squamous cell carcinoma
panendoscopy = esophagoscopy, bronchoscopy, laryngoscopy
Cauda equina presentation
- bilateral, severe radicular pain
- saddle anesthesia
- asymmetric motor weakness
- hyporeflexia
- late onset bowel/bladder dysfxn
Conus medullaris presentation
- sudden onset back pain
- perianal anesthesia
- symmetric motor weakness
- hyperreflexia
- early-onset bowel/bladder dysfxn
PPx in HIV
-TMP-SMX @ CD4
Evaluation/tx if screening lead in child is elevated
- venous lead level draw
a. if mild ( rpt. in 1 mo.
b. if mod (45-70) ==> DMSA
c. if severe (>70) ==> dimercaprol + EDTA
Electrolyte disturbances in chronic alcoholics
- hypokalemia
- hypomagnesemia ==> refractory hypokalemia (must correct Mg in order to correct K)
- hypophosphatemia
Most common cause of PNA in HIV patients
S. pneumo
P. jiroveci presentation
- immunocompromised
- dry cough + dyspnea
- CSR: diffuse bilateral infiltrates
Causes of acute epididymitis
- younger men: C. tracho or N. gono
- older: E.coli
Evaluation of recurrent stye (chalazion)
- histopathological exam
- risk for underlying sebaceous gland carcinoma
- basal cell carcinoma may occur @ lid margin and may appear like a chalazion
Most common type of thyroid cancer
papillary
Potential complication and indication of IUFD
- DIC may develop after IUFD
- fibrinogen/platelet levels in the low-normal range may indicate developing DIC
Evaluation of pelvic mass in asx woman
- TVUS
2. CA-125 level follow conservatively
