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USMLE Step 2 > UWorld_7.18 > Flashcards

UWorld_7.18 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Analgesic overuse ==> kidney dz?

A

chronic interstitial nephropathy w/WBC casts

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2
Q

glomerulonephritis ==> UA results?

A
  • hematuria/RBC casts

- +/- proteinuria

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3
Q

Most important risk factor for stroke

A

HTN

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4
Q

Complications of wilson’s dz.

A
  • cirrhosis

- hepatolenticular degeneration (basal ganglia) ==> neuropsych changes

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5
Q

Tx of wilson’s dz.

A
  • copper chelators: d-penicillamin or tientine
  • oral zinc
  • liver transplant if needed
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6
Q

Renal tubular acidosis ==> acid/base disturbance?

A

metabolic acidosis

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7
Q

Metabolic alkalosis evaluation

A
  1. urine chloride
    - low urine cl ==> vomiting/aspiration vs. diuretic use
    - high urine cl ==> examine vol. status
  2. volume status
    - hypervolemia ==> excess MC activity, e.g. hyperaldo, cushings, ectopic ACTH
    - hypovolemia/euvolemia ==> bartter & Gitelman syndromes
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8
Q

Management of torsades de pointes

A
  1. defib in hemodynamically unstable patients

2. IV magnesium sulfate @ conscious/stable patients + removal of offending causes (e.g. medication induced prolonged QT)

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9
Q

Drugs that prolong QT

A
  • diuretics ==> electrolyte imbalances
  • zofran
  • antipsychotics (haloperidol, quetiapine, risperidone)
  • TCAs
  • SSRIs: citalopram
  • Antiarrhythmics: amiodarone, sotalol, flecainide
  • antianginal: ranolazine
  • antibiotics: macrolides, fluoroquinolones, antifungals
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10
Q

Electrolyte imbalances ==> prolonged QT

A
  • hypoK
  • hypoMg
  • hypoCa
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11
Q

Thyroid storm presentation

A
  • fever
  • tachycardia/arrhythmias
  • HTN
  • tremor
  • AMS
  • lid lag
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12
Q

Dermatitis herpetiformis association/presentation

A
  • pruritic papules/vesicles @ elbows, knees, buttocks, etc.

- assoc. w/gluten-sensitive enteropathy

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13
Q

Porphyria cutanea tarda presentation

A
  • painless blisters, hypertrichosis, hyperpigmentation
  • assoc. w/hep C
  • can be triggered by ethanol, estrogens
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14
Q

Acute Hep B infection

A
  • icterus
  • urticarial rash
  • flulike sx
  • elevated LFTs
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15
Q

Indications for carotid endarterectomy

A
  • @ men: 60-99% stenosis w/out sx or >50% if sx

- @ women: 70-99% stenosis

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16
Q

RA skeletal risks

A
  • osteopenia
  • osteoporosis
  • bone fx
17
Q

Sensorineural hearing loss vs. conductive hearing loss

A
  • Rinne test: bone > air conduction ==> dx = conductive hearing loss
  • Weber: @ conductive ==> affected ear; @ sensorineural ==> unaffected ear
18
Q

Common cause of conductive hearing loss in adults

A

otosclerosis = remodeling of otic capsule w/stapes fixed to oval window

19
Q

Abx ototoxicity ==>

A

sensorineural hearing loss

20
Q

Imaging of pancreatitis

A

RUQ ultrasounds

21
Q

Artifical heart valves/severely calcified valves ==> heme-related complication?

A

macrovascular hemolysis ==> microcytic anemia

22
Q

Fear of public speaking/performance ==> dx?

A

social anxiety disorder

23
Q

hyperactive bowel sounds + dilated loops of bowel ==> dx?

A

ileus

24
Q

Albumin impact on calcium

A
  • most Ca2+ bound to albumin/plasma proteins

- decreased albumin ==> decreased total Ca2+; ionized Ca will stay stable

25
Q

Cause of low platelets in HIT

A

autoantibodies

26
Q

Tx of acute dystonia 2/2 anti-psych

A
  • benztropine

- diphenhydramine

27
Q

Tx of acute parkinsonism 2/2 anti-psych

A
  • benztropine

- amantadine

28
Q

PPx of cluster H/A

A
  • verapamil
  • prednisone
  • ergotamine
  • indomethacin
29
Q

Tx of cluster H/A

A

100% O2

30
Q

Wartlike lesions + violaceous nodules + skin ulcers ==> dx?

A

blostomycosis

31
Q

Histoplasmosis infx presentation

A
  • mycosis @ Miss./OH river valley
  • asx vs. mild pulmonary
  • diss. @ immunocompromised
32
Q

Coccidioidmycosis infx presentation

A
  • mycosis @ SW united states/CA

- pulmonary

33
Q

Evaluation of hypocalcemia

A
  1. corrected Ca (is albumin low?)
  2. low Mg? drugs? blood transfusion?
  3. measure PTH
    - normal/low: (para)thyroidectomy/radical neck surgery, wilson’s dz, hemochromatosis
    - high: Vit D deficiency/CKD, pancreatitis, sepsis, tumor lysis
34
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot murmur

A

harsh, systolic ejection murmur @ LUSB

35
Q

VSD murmur

A
  • holosystolic murmur @ LLSB

- diastolic rumble 2/2 increased blood flow across mitral valve

36
Q

Risk factors for acalculous cholecystitis

A
  • severe trauma, burns, recent surgery
  • prolonged fasting or TPN
  • critical illness

USMLE Step 2 (38 decks)

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