UWorld_6.26 (week 1 make-up) Flashcards

1
Q

Management of aortic dissection

A
  • Type A: IV b-blockers (labetalol) + surgery
  • Type B (descending only): IV b-blockers (labetalol)
  • avoid vasodilators and heparin
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2
Q

Leydig cell tumors ==> ?

A
  • increased testosterone +/- estrogen production (2/2 aromatase action)
  • inhibition of FSH and LH also ==> additional estrogen ==> gynecomastia
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3
Q

Teratomas ==> ?

A

+/- elevated AFP or beta-hcg

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4
Q

Endodermal sinus tumor ==> ?

A
  • aka “yolk sac tumor”

- ==> elevated AFP

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5
Q

DLCO in COPD (chronic bronchitis vs. emphysema)

A
  • DLCO normal in chronic bronchitis

- DLCO low in emphysema

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6
Q

Babesiosis presentation

A
  • Ixodes tick (NE US)

- can ==> hemolytic anemia w.jaundice, renal failure, death

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7
Q

Several days w/out BM + N/V + abdominal pain ==> ?

A

SBO

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8
Q

Risk factors for endometrial cancer

A
  • age >45
  • obesity
  • DM
  • unopposed estrogen (e.g. periods of ammenorrhea)
  • PCOS
  • early menarche/late menopause
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9
Q

DKA management

A
  1. NS
  2. correct hyperglycemia, electrolytes, acidosis (insulin, glucose, potassium)
  3. tx of any precipitating causes (i.e. infections)
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10
Q

Prevention of vasospasm s/p SAH

A

nimodipine initiation

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11
Q

Medical tx for acute abnormal uterine bleeding

A
  • high dose IV or oral estrogen
  • high-dose combined OCPs
  • high-dose progestin pill
  • tranexamic acid
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12
Q

Routine meds to hold before cardiac stress testing

A
  • beta blockers
  • ca-channel blockers
  • nitrates
  • dipyridamole
  • no caffeine for 12 hours before
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13
Q

Fanconi anemia presentation

A
  • AR
  • congenital marrow failure
  • poor growth (short)
  • morphologic abnormalities (abnormal thumbs, pigmentation abnormalities, ear problems)
  • macrocytic anemia
  • caused by chromosomal breaks
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14
Q

Acquired causes of aplastic anemia

A
  • Drugs (NSAIDs, sulfa)
  • toxins (benzene, glue)
  • idiopathic
  • viral (HIV, EBV)
  • immune disorders
  • thymoma
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15
Q

Nephrotic syndrome associated with HIV, heroin use

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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16
Q

FSGS associated w/…

A
  • African American
  • Obesity
  • Heroin use
  • HIV
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17
Q

Membranous nephropathy associated w/…

A
  • adenocarcinoma (lung, breast)
  • NSAIDs
  • Hep B
  • SLE
18
Q

Membranoproliferative nephropathy associated w/…

A
  • Hep B & C

- lipodystrophy

19
Q

Characteristics of epidermal inclusion cyst

A
  • benign nodule that produces keratin
  • dome-shaped, mobile cyst w/small central punctum
  • can be stable, resolve, or increase in size
20
Q

Most common cause of sudden CHF in young, healthy person

A

viral myocarditis

21
Q

Tx of acute glaucoma

A
  • narcotics for pain

- increased IOP: mannitol, acetazolamide, timolol, pilocarpine

22
Q

Med to avoid in acute glaucoma

A

-atropine b/c can ==> pupil dilation and worsened glaucoma

23
Q

red, maculopapular rash @ face, then trunk/extremities + preceeding cough, tearing, rhinorrhea, sneezing ==> dx?

24
Q

Vitamin that reduces morbidity/mortality in measles

25
Nephrotic syndrome associated w/RA
- amyloidosis | - @ renal biopsy: amyloid deposits will stain w/congo red
26
Characteristics of hypopituitarism
1. glucocorticoid deficiency ==> hypoglycemia, hypoNa 2. Testosterone deficiency (low/normal FSH/LH) ==> low libido, ED 3. hypothyroidism
27
Clopidogrel MOA
P2y12 receptor blocker
28
Eval of suspected BPH
- rectal exam - UA - PSA if >10yr. life expectancy
29
Management of neonatal clavicular fx
- reassurance; gentle handling, pain management | - no surgery needed
30
Characteristics of WPW
- accessory pathway that bypasses AV node | - short PR interval (
31
WPW pic
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
32
Aromatase deficiency presentation
- decreased conversion of androgens to estrogens - ==> gestational maternal virilization and virilization of XX fetuses - girls with normal internal genitalia and ambiguous external genitalia
33
Rx antibiotics for UTI in pregnancy
- Nitrofurantoin - Amox - Amox-Clav - Cephalexin
34
Contraindicated antibiotics for UTI in pregnancy
- Tetracyclines - Fluoroquinolones - TMP-SMX
35
Cervicofacial actinomycosis presentation
- mandibular region as slow-growing, nontender mass - yellow granular pus - gram stain: gram + branching rod
36
Tx of cervicofacial actinomycosis
1. penicillin x 12 weeks 2. clindamycin if allergic to PCN 3. surgical excision if not cured by abx
37
Age-related hearing loss = ?
- "presbycusis" - bilateral, symmetric sensorineural hearing loss - tinnitus may develop
38
Number needed to treat =
1/ARR
39
Complications of nephrotic syndrome
- hypercoagulability ==> PE, renal vein thrombosis - protein malnutrition - microcytic, hypochromic anemia - increased infections - vit D deficiency
40
Cause of LFTs in thousands
- meds - acute viral hepatitis - ischemia
41
LFTs in acute alcoholic hepatitis
rarely exceed 500
42
Nitrate MOA for reduced cardiac pain/demand
-systemic vasodilation ==> decreased cardiac preload ==> decreased LV walls stress and O2 demand