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USMLE Step 2 > UWorld_6.26 (week 1 make-up) > Flashcards

UWorld_6.26 (week 1 make-up) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Management of aortic dissection

A
  • Type A: IV b-blockers (labetalol) + surgery
  • Type B (descending only): IV b-blockers (labetalol)
  • avoid vasodilators and heparin
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2
Q

Leydig cell tumors ==> ?

A
  • increased testosterone +/- estrogen production (2/2 aromatase action)
  • inhibition of FSH and LH also ==> additional estrogen ==> gynecomastia
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3
Q

Teratomas ==> ?

A

+/- elevated AFP or beta-hcg

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4
Q

Endodermal sinus tumor ==> ?

A
  • aka “yolk sac tumor”

- ==> elevated AFP

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5
Q

DLCO in COPD (chronic bronchitis vs. emphysema)

A
  • DLCO normal in chronic bronchitis

- DLCO low in emphysema

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6
Q

Babesiosis presentation

A
  • Ixodes tick (NE US)

- can ==> hemolytic anemia w.jaundice, renal failure, death

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7
Q

Several days w/out BM + N/V + abdominal pain ==> ?

A

SBO

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8
Q

Risk factors for endometrial cancer

A
  • age >45
  • obesity
  • DM
  • unopposed estrogen (e.g. periods of ammenorrhea)
  • PCOS
  • early menarche/late menopause
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9
Q

DKA management

A
  1. NS
  2. correct hyperglycemia, electrolytes, acidosis (insulin, glucose, potassium)
  3. tx of any precipitating causes (i.e. infections)
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10
Q

Prevention of vasospasm s/p SAH

A

nimodipine initiation

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11
Q

Medical tx for acute abnormal uterine bleeding

A
  • high dose IV or oral estrogen
  • high-dose combined OCPs
  • high-dose progestin pill
  • tranexamic acid
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12
Q

Routine meds to hold before cardiac stress testing

A
  • beta blockers
  • ca-channel blockers
  • nitrates
  • dipyridamole
  • no caffeine for 12 hours before
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13
Q

Fanconi anemia presentation

A
  • AR
  • congenital marrow failure
  • poor growth (short)
  • morphologic abnormalities (abnormal thumbs, pigmentation abnormalities, ear problems)
  • macrocytic anemia
  • caused by chromosomal breaks
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14
Q

Acquired causes of aplastic anemia

A
  • Drugs (NSAIDs, sulfa)
  • toxins (benzene, glue)
  • idiopathic
  • viral (HIV, EBV)
  • immune disorders
  • thymoma
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15
Q

Nephrotic syndrome associated with HIV, heroin use

A

focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

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16
Q

FSGS associated w/…

A
  • African American
  • Obesity
  • Heroin use
  • HIV
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17
Q

Membranous nephropathy associated w/…

A
  • adenocarcinoma (lung, breast)
  • NSAIDs
  • Hep B
  • SLE
18
Q

Membranoproliferative nephropathy associated w/…

A
  • Hep B & C

- lipodystrophy

19
Q

Characteristics of epidermal inclusion cyst

A
  • benign nodule that produces keratin
  • dome-shaped, mobile cyst w/small central punctum
  • can be stable, resolve, or increase in size
20
Q

Most common cause of sudden CHF in young, healthy person

A

viral myocarditis

21
Q

Tx of acute glaucoma

A
  • narcotics for pain

- increased IOP: mannitol, acetazolamide, timolol, pilocarpine

22
Q

Med to avoid in acute glaucoma

A

-atropine b/c can ==> pupil dilation and worsened glaucoma

23
Q

red, maculopapular rash @ face, then trunk/extremities + preceeding cough, tearing, rhinorrhea, sneezing ==> dx?

A

measles

24
Q

Vitamin that reduces morbidity/mortality in measles

A

vitamin A

25
Q

Nephrotic syndrome associated w/RA

A
  • amyloidosis

- @ renal biopsy: amyloid deposits will stain w/congo red

26
Q

Characteristics of hypopituitarism

A
  1. glucocorticoid deficiency ==> hypoglycemia, hypoNa
  2. Testosterone deficiency (low/normal FSH/LH) ==> low libido, ED
  3. hypothyroidism
27
Q

Clopidogrel MOA

A

P2y12 receptor blocker

28
Q

Eval of suspected BPH

A
  • rectal exam
  • UA
  • PSA if >10yr. life expectancy
29
Q

Management of neonatal clavicular fx

A
  • reassurance; gentle handling, pain management

- no surgery needed

30
Q

Characteristics of WPW

A
  • accessory pathway that bypasses AV node

- short PR interval (

31
Q

WPW pic

A

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

32
Q

Aromatase deficiency presentation

A
  • decreased conversion of androgens to estrogens
  • ==> gestational maternal virilization and virilization of XX fetuses
  • girls with normal internal genitalia and ambiguous external genitalia
33
Q

Rx antibiotics for UTI in pregnancy

A
  • Nitrofurantoin
  • Amox
  • Amox-Clav
  • Cephalexin
34
Q

Contraindicated antibiotics for UTI in pregnancy

A
  • Tetracyclines
  • Fluoroquinolones
  • TMP-SMX
35
Q

Cervicofacial actinomycosis presentation

A
  • mandibular region as slow-growing, nontender mass
  • yellow granular pus
  • gram stain: gram + branching rod
36
Q

Tx of cervicofacial actinomycosis

A
  1. penicillin x 12 weeks
  2. clindamycin if allergic to PCN
  3. surgical excision if not cured by abx
37
Q

Age-related hearing loss = ?

A
  • “presbycusis”
  • bilateral, symmetric sensorineural hearing loss
  • tinnitus may develop
38
Q

Number needed to treat =

A

1/ARR

39
Q

Complications of nephrotic syndrome

A
  • hypercoagulability ==> PE, renal vein thrombosis
  • protein malnutrition
  • microcytic, hypochromic anemia
  • increased infections
  • vit D deficiency
40
Q

Cause of LFTs in thousands

A
  • meds
  • acute viral hepatitis
  • ischemia
41
Q

LFTs in acute alcoholic hepatitis

A

rarely exceed 500

42
Q

Nitrate MOA for reduced cardiac pain/demand

A

-systemic vasodilation ==> decreased cardiac preload ==> decreased LV walls stress and O2 demand

USMLE Step 2 (38 decks)

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