Urogenital triangle

Question 1

what forms the boundaries of the urogenital triangle

Answer 1

imaginary line between the ischial tuberosities (base) and the apex of the triangle at the pubic symphysis

Question 2

the urogenital diaphragm is found in the urogenital triangle - what structures must pass through this in both sexes

Answer 2

urethra

Question 3

scarpa’s fascia is called what as it passes into the labia/scrotum

Answer 3

colles’ fascia

Question 4

colles’ fascia attaches where

Answer 4

posterior border of the urogenital diaphragm at a small dense piece of connective tissue called the perineal body

Question 5

what is the fatty fascia of the abdominal wall called

Answer 5

camper’s

Question 6

what is campers fascia continuous with

Answer 6

ischiorectal fossa and thigh

Question 7

in the scrotum, campers fascia is replaced with what

Answer 7

dartos smooth muscle

Question 8

where is the urogenital diaphragm found

Answer 8

fills the urogenital triangle - closes off the space between the pubic bones

Question 9

what is the function of the urogenital diaphragm

Answer 9

prevents structures passing out of the pelvic cavity (prolapse) and provides an area of attachment for structures of the superficial perineal pouch

Question 10

how many layers is the urogenital diaphragm

Answer 10

3 layers

Question 11

what is the superior (deep) layer of the urogenital diaphragm composed of

Answer 11

fascia that blends with the perineal body and membrane

Question 12

describe the middle layer of the urogenital diaphragm

Answer 12

contains the voluntary sphincter that controls urination - sphincter urethrae, and deep transverse perineal muscles

Question 13

the middle layer of the urogenital diaphragm is also described as containing an anatomical space called the

Answer 13

deep perineal pouch

Question 14

describe the inferior (superficial) layer of the urogenital diaphragm

Answer 14

the perineal membrane

Question 15

structures that lie between the perineal membrane and the skin are described as being where

Answer 15

in the superficial perineal pouch

Question 16

the deep perineal pouch lies where

Answer 16

between the fascial layers of the urogenital diaphragm

Question 17

what happens to the fascial layers of the urogenital diaphragm anteriorly

Answer 17

fuse, leaving a small gap near pubic symphysis

Question 18

anteriorly, the fascial layers of the urogenital diaphragm fuse leaving a small gap near pubic symphysis - what passes through this gap

Answer 18

vessels to the clitoris and penis

Question 19

what happens to the fascial layers of the urogenital diaphragm posteriorly

Answer 19

layers fuse with the perineal body

Question 20

the fusing of the fasical layers of the urogenital diaphragm posteriorly with the perineal body helps to do what

Answer 20

helps to connect the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm to the rest of the fascia in the pelvis and is involved in the transmission of stress across the pelvic floor

Question 21

posteriorly the fascial layers of the urogenital diaphragm fuse with what

Answer 21

eachother, membranous superficial fascia and the perineal body

Question 22

structures that need to pass from the pelvic cavity to the perineum must pass through the urogenital diaphragm and therefore the middle layer of the diaphragm the ___

Answer 22

deep perineal pouch

Question 23

what passes through the deep perineal pouch in both sexes

Answer 23

urethra

branches of the internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve

Question 24

what passes through the deep perineal pouch only in males

Answer 24

small bulbourethral glands that add fluid to the urethra
membranous urethra
penile arteries
dorsal nerves of penis

Question 25

what passes through the deep perineal pouch only in females

Answer 25

the vagina | dorsal nerves of clitoris

Question 26

where do small glands associated with the vagina lie in the female

Answer 26

in the superficial perineal pouch

Question 27

what is found in the deep perineal pouch

Answer 27

``` urethra sphincter urethrae deep transverse perineal muscles internal pudendal vessels and branches pudendal (perineal) nerve ```

Question 28

where is the superficial perineal pouch

Answer 28

between the perineal membrane and the skin

Question 29

what is found in the superficial perineal pouch

Answer 29

reproductive structures of the perineum in both sexes

Question 30

what are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch

Answer 30

small muscles, pieces of erectile tissue, nerves and vessels that supply them and the urethra

Question 31

what is the erectile tissue found in the superficial perineal pouch

Answer 31

crura bulb of vestibule (female) bulb of penis (male)

Question 32

what muscles are found in the superficial perineal pouch

Answer 32

ischiocavernosus bulbospongiosus superficial transverse perineal

Question 33

what nerves supply ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus

Answer 33

perineal branches of the pudendal nerve

Question 34

ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus are

Answer 34

small skeletal muscles

Question 35

ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus lie over

Answer 35

erectile tissues of the perineum in box sexes

Question 36

how do ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus help to maintain erection

Answer 36

contract to impede venous return - retaining the blood inside the erectile tissue

Question 37

ischiocavernosus overlie

Answer 37

crura

Question 38

bulbospongiosus overlies

Answer 38

bulb of the penis in males and bulb of vestibule in females

Question 39

describe how bulbospongiosus differs between males and femlaes

Answer 39

males: bulbospongiosus muscles meet in the midline and surround the bulb of the penis females bulb of vestibule is in two parts one on either side of opening to vagina - over vestibule

Question 40

what muscles support the edge of the urogenital triangle in both sexes

Answer 40

the superficial transverse perineal muscles

Question 41

what is the equivalent of the superficial transverse perineal muscles in the deep pouch

Answer 41

deep transverse perineal muscles

Question 42

what structure sits at the posterior edge of the urogenital diaphragm

Answer 42

perineal body

Question 43

what does the perineal body provide attachment for

Answer 43

EAS bulbospongiosus superficial transverse perineal muscles

Question 44

erectile tissues are ____ in females

Answer 44

smaller

Question 45

what is the erectile tissue lying next to the ischiopubic rami

Answer 45

crura (Singular crus)

Question 46

in females the crura continue to form what

Answer 46

clitoris

Question 47

in males the crura continue to form what

Answer 47

corpora cavernosa

Question 48

in males the bulb of the penis continues to form what

Answer 48

corpus spongiosum of the penis

Question 49

the corpus spongiosum will also form what

Answer 49

glans penis

Question 50

the bulb of the vestibule surrounds the

Answer 50

opening of the vagina

Question 51

the bulb of the vestibule continues to form what

Answer 51

glans of the clitoris

Question 52

what are the erectile tissues of the penis

Answer 52

2 corpus cavernosum | 1 corpus spongisum

Question 53

the urethra lies within what

Answer 53

corpus spongiosum (spongy/penile urethra)

Question 54

what is the erectile tissue of the penis supported by

Answer 54

surrounded by connective tissue that contains the vessels and nerves that supply the erectile tissue and skin

Question 55

what arteries supply the penis

Answer 55

branches of the internal pudendal artery - scrotal artery and transverse perineal artery deeper vessels to the bulb and erectile tissues are also branches of internal pudendal - deep artery of penis, dorsal artery of penis, artery of bulb

Question 56

what nerves supply the penis

Answer 56

sensory branches of the pudendal nerve | erectile tissue is innervated by ANS

Question 57

describe the female urethra

Answer 57

only a few cm long and passes from the trigone of the bladder through the deep perineal pouch and opens in the superficial perineal pouch

Question 58

why are females more prone to UTI

Answer 58

straight muscular tube and short length and uncomplicated pathway

Question 59

how many parts does the male urethra have

Answer 59

4

Question 60

what are the 4 parts of the male urethra

Answer 60

pre-prostatic prostatic membranous penile (spongy)

Question 61

describe the pre-prostatic urethra

Answer 61

short between the trigone and the prostate gland

Question 62

describe the prostatic urethra

Answer 62

passes through the prostate gland and is joined by the ejaculatory ducts

Question 63

describe the membranous urethra

Answer 63

passes through the urogenital diaphragm

Question 64

describe the penile or spongy urethra

Answer 64

passes through the corpus spongiosum to open at the glans of the penis

Question 65

what is the narrowest part of the male urethra

Answer 65

membranous

Question 66

why is the membranous urethra the narrowest

Answer 66

slightly compressed as it passes through the layers of the urogenital diaphragm

Question 67

when might the membranous part not be the narrowest

Answer 67

usually is in healthy people but if prostatic enlargement then the prostatic part will be the narrowest

Question 68

branches of what nerve supply sensory innervation to the penis and scrotum

Answer 68

pudendal nerve branches

Question 69

the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve also contain what

Answer 69

motor fibres to the small muscles in the superficial perineal pouch

Question 70

what notch does the pudendal nerve pass through

Answer 70

greater and lesser sciatic notches

Question 71

describe the path of the pudendal nerve

Answer 71

passes through the greater sciatic notch, around the ischial spine and through the lesser sciatic notch

Question 72

what is the clitoris formed from

Answer 72

erectile tissue derived from the crura and the bulb of the vestibule

Question 73

the erectile tissue of the clitoris is also supplied by the

Answer 73

ANS

Question 74

the blood supply of the clitoris is from

Answer 74

branches of the internal pudendal artery

Question 75

sensory nerve supply of the clitoris is from

Answer 75

branches of the pudendal nerve