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BMSC Regional Gross Anatomy 2 > Urogenital triangle > Flashcards

Urogenital triangle Flashcards

1
Q

what forms the boundaries of the urogenital triangle

A

imaginary line between the ischial tuberosities (base) and the apex of the triangle at the pubic symphysis

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2
Q

the urogenital diaphragm is found in the urogenital triangle - what structures must pass through this in both sexes

A

urethra

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3
Q

scarpa’s fascia is called what as it passes into the labia/scrotum

A

colles’ fascia

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4
Q

colles’ fascia attaches where

A

posterior border of the urogenital diaphragm at a small dense piece of connective tissue called the perineal body

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5
Q

what is the fatty fascia of the abdominal wall called

A

camper’s

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6
Q

what is campers fascia continuous with

A

ischiorectal fossa and thigh

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7
Q

in the scrotum, campers fascia is replaced with what

A

dartos smooth muscle

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8
Q

where is the urogenital diaphragm found

A

fills the urogenital triangle - closes off the space between the pubic bones

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9
Q

what is the function of the urogenital diaphragm

A

prevents structures passing out of the pelvic cavity (prolapse) and provides an area of attachment for structures of the superficial perineal pouch

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10
Q

how many layers is the urogenital diaphragm

A

3 layers

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11
Q

what is the superior (deep) layer of the urogenital diaphragm composed of

A

fascia that blends with the perineal body and membrane

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12
Q

describe the middle layer of the urogenital diaphragm

A

contains the voluntary sphincter that controls urination - sphincter urethrae, and deep transverse perineal muscles

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13
Q

the middle layer of the urogenital diaphragm is also described as containing an anatomical space called the

A

deep perineal pouch

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14
Q

describe the inferior (superficial) layer of the urogenital diaphragm

A

the perineal membrane

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15
Q

structures that lie between the perineal membrane and the skin are described as being where

A

in the superficial perineal pouch

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16
Q

the deep perineal pouch lies where

A

between the fascial layers of the urogenital diaphragm

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17
Q

what happens to the fascial layers of the urogenital diaphragm anteriorly

A

fuse, leaving a small gap near pubic symphysis

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18
Q

anteriorly, the fascial layers of the urogenital diaphragm fuse leaving a small gap near pubic symphysis - what passes through this gap

A

vessels to the clitoris and penis

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19
Q

what happens to the fascial layers of the urogenital diaphragm posteriorly

A

layers fuse with the perineal body

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20
Q

the fusing of the fasical layers of the urogenital diaphragm posteriorly with the perineal body helps to do what

A

helps to connect the fascia of the urogenital diaphragm to the rest of the fascia in the pelvis and is involved in the transmission of stress across the pelvic floor

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21
Q

posteriorly the fascial layers of the urogenital diaphragm fuse with what

A

eachother, membranous superficial fascia and the perineal body

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22
Q

structures that need to pass from the pelvic cavity to the perineum must pass through the urogenital diaphragm and therefore the middle layer of the diaphragm the ___

A

deep perineal pouch

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23
Q

what passes through the deep perineal pouch in both sexes

A

urethra

branches of the internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve

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24
Q

what passes through the deep perineal pouch only in males

A

small bulbourethral glands that add fluid to the urethra
membranous urethra
penile arteries
dorsal nerves of penis

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25
Q

what passes through the deep perineal pouch only in females

A

the vagina

dorsal nerves of clitoris

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26
Q

where do small glands associated with the vagina lie in the female

A

in the superficial perineal pouch

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27
Q

what is found in the deep perineal pouch

A 
urethra
sphincter urethrae
deep transverse perineal muscles 
internal pudendal vessels and branches
pudendal (perineal) nerve
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28
Q

where is the superficial perineal pouch

A

between the perineal membrane and the skin

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29
Q

what is found in the superficial perineal pouch

A

reproductive structures of the perineum in both sexes

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30
Q

what are the contents of the superficial perineal pouch

A

small muscles, pieces of erectile tissue, nerves and vessels that supply them and the urethra

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31
Q

what is the erectile tissue found in the superficial perineal pouch

A

crura
bulb of vestibule (female)
bulb of penis (male)

32
Q

what muscles are found in the superficial perineal pouch

A

ischiocavernosus
bulbospongiosus
superficial transverse perineal

33
Q

what nerves supply ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus

A

perineal branches of the pudendal nerve

34
Q

ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus are

A

small skeletal muscles

35
Q

ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus lie over

A

erectile tissues of the perineum in box sexes

36
Q

how do ischiocavernosus and bulbospongiosus help to maintain erection

A

contract to impede venous return - retaining the blood inside the erectile tissue

37
Q

ischiocavernosus overlie

A

crura

38
Q

bulbospongiosus overlies

A

bulb of the penis in males and bulb of vestibule in females

39
Q

describe how bulbospongiosus differs between males and femlaes

A

males: bulbospongiosus muscles meet in the midline and surround the bulb of the penis

females bulb of vestibule is in two parts one on either side of opening to vagina - over vestibule

40
Q

what muscles support the edge of the urogenital triangle in both sexes

A

the superficial transverse perineal muscles

41
Q

what is the equivalent of the superficial transverse perineal muscles in the deep pouch

A

deep transverse perineal muscles

42
Q

what structure sits at the posterior edge of the urogenital diaphragm

A

perineal body

43
Q

what does the perineal body provide attachment for

A

EAS
bulbospongiosus
superficial transverse perineal muscles

44
Q

erectile tissues are ____ in females

A

smaller

45
Q

what is the erectile tissue lying next to the ischiopubic rami

A

crura (Singular crus)

46
Q

in females the crura continue to form what

A

clitoris

47
Q

in males the crura continue to form what

A

corpora cavernosa

48
Q

in males the bulb of the penis continues to form what

A

corpus spongiosum of the penis

49
Q

the corpus spongiosum will also form what

A

glans penis

50
Q

the bulb of the vestibule surrounds the

A

opening of the vagina

51
Q

the bulb of the vestibule continues to form what

A

glans of the clitoris

52
Q

what are the erectile tissues of the penis

A

2 corpus cavernosum

1 corpus spongisum

53
Q

the urethra lies within what

A

corpus spongiosum (spongy/penile urethra)

54
Q

what is the erectile tissue of the penis supported by

A

surrounded by connective tissue that contains the vessels and nerves that supply the erectile tissue and skin

55
Q

what arteries supply the penis

A

branches of the internal pudendal artery - scrotal artery and transverse perineal artery

deeper vessels to the bulb and erectile tissues are also branches of internal pudendal - deep artery of penis, dorsal artery of penis, artery of bulb

56
Q

what nerves supply the penis

A

sensory branches of the pudendal nerve

erectile tissue is innervated by ANS

57
Q

describe the female urethra

A

only a few cm long and passes from the trigone of the bladder through the deep perineal pouch and opens in the superficial perineal pouch

58
Q

why are females more prone to UTI

A

straight muscular tube and short length and uncomplicated pathway

59
Q

how many parts does the male urethra have

A

4

60
Q

what are the 4 parts of the male urethra

A

pre-prostatic
prostatic
membranous
penile (spongy)

61
Q

describe the pre-prostatic urethra

A

short between the trigone and the prostate gland

62
Q

describe the prostatic urethra

A

passes through the prostate gland and is joined by the ejaculatory ducts

63
Q

describe the membranous urethra

A

passes through the urogenital diaphragm

64
Q

describe the penile or spongy urethra

A

passes through the corpus spongiosum to open at the glans of the penis

65
Q

what is the narrowest part of the male urethra

A

membranous

66
Q

why is the membranous urethra the narrowest

A

slightly compressed as it passes through the layers of the urogenital diaphragm

67
Q

when might the membranous part not be the narrowest

A

usually is in healthy people but if prostatic enlargement then the prostatic part will be the narrowest

68
Q

branches of what nerve supply sensory innervation to the penis and scrotum

A

pudendal nerve branches

69
Q

the perineal branches of the pudendal nerve also contain what

A

motor fibres to the small muscles in the superficial perineal pouch

70
Q

what notch does the pudendal nerve pass through

A

greater and lesser sciatic notches

71
Q

describe the path of the pudendal nerve

A

passes through the greater sciatic notch, around the ischial spine and through the lesser sciatic notch

72
Q

what is the clitoris formed from

A

erectile tissue derived from the crura and the bulb of the vestibule

73
Q

the erectile tissue of the clitoris is also supplied by the

A

ANS

74
Q

the blood supply of the clitoris is from

A

branches of the internal pudendal artery

75
Q

sensory nerve supply of the clitoris is from

A

branches of the pudendal nerve

BMSC Regional Gross Anatomy 2 (36 decks)

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