Posterior thigh and popliteal fossa

Question 1

what muscles make up the posterior thigh

Answer 1

hamstrings

• semitendinosus
• semimembranosus
• biceps femoris

Question 2

what is the function of the hamstrings

Answer 2

extend hip

flex knee

Question 3

what are the attachments of semitendinosus

Answer 3

ischial tuberosity to the medial surface of the superior tibia

Question 4

what is the innervation of semitendinosus

Answer 4

tibial division of Sciatic nerve L5, S1, S2

Question 5

what are the attachments of semimembranosus

Answer 5

ischial tuberosity to the posterior surface of medial condyle of the tibia

Question 6

what is the innervation of semimembranosus

Answer 6

tibial division of sciatic nerve L5 S1 S2

Question 7

where does semitendinosus get its name

Answer 7

long rope like tendon

Question 8

what is the common proximal attachment of all true hamstring muscles

Answer 8

ischial tuberosity

Question 9

semitendinosus attaches close to what 2 muscles distally

Answer 9

gracilis and sartorius

Question 10

where does semimembranosus get its name

Answer 10

shiny membranous appearance

Question 11

what are the attachments of the long head of biceps femoris

Answer 11

ischial tuberosity to the head of the fibula

Question 12

what are the attachments of the short head of biceps femoris

Answer 12

linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur to the head of the fibula

Question 13

what is the innervation of the long head of biceps femoris

Answer 13

tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 14

what is the innervation of the short head of biceps femoris

Answer 14

common peroneal division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 15

what is the innervation of biceps femoris

Answer 15

long head - tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)
short head - common peroneal division of the sciatic nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 16

when the knee is flexed, what causes lateral rotation of the knee

Answer 16

biceps femoris

Question 17

when the knee is flexed and not weight bearing what causes medial rotation of the knee

Answer 17

semimembranosus
semitendinosus
gracilis
sartorius

Question 18

what are the roots of the sciatic nerve

Answer 18

anterior rami of L4-S3

Question 19

the sciatic nerve enters the gluteal region just inferior to what muscle

Answer 19

piriformis

Question 20

the sciatic nerve passes from the gluteal region into the posterior compartment of the thigh passing deep to what

Answer 20

long head of biceps femoris

Question 21

the sciatic nerve runs where in the posterior thigh

Answer 21

midline

Question 22

at what point does the sciatic nerve divide into its 2 terminal branches

Answer 22

can occur at any point along its course, might even enter as 2 nerves, but most commonly as it enters the popliteal fossa

Question 23

what are the terminal branches of the sciatic nerve

Answer 23

tibial and common peroneal (fibular) divisions

Question 24

what forms the roof of the popliteal fossa

Answer 24

deep fascia, skin, fat

Question 25

what structures pierce the roof of the popliteal fossa

Answer 25

sural nerve | short saphenous vein

Question 26

the short saphenous vein pierces the popliteal fossa roof to drain into what

Answer 26

popliteal vein

Question 27

the sural nerve supplies what

Answer 27

cutaneous innervation to leg and foot

Question 28

what forms the superior boundary of the popliteal fossa

Answer 28

diverging tendons of hamstrings - biceps femoris laterally and semimembranosus and semitendinosus medially

Question 29

the superior boundary of the popliteal fossa is formed by the diverging tendons of _____ - what medially and what laterally

Answer 29

hamstrings - biceps femoral laterally semimembranosus and semitendinosus medially

Question 30

what forms the inferior boundary of the popliteal fossa

Answer 30

medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

Question 31

what are the contents of the popliteal fossa

Answer 31

popliteal artery popliteal vein terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve)

Question 32

what is the most medial and deep structure of the popliteal fossa

Answer 32

popliteal artery

Question 33

what is the most superficial and lateral structure of the popliteal fossa

Answer 33

terminal branches of the sciatic nerve (tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve)

Question 34

the sural nerve arises from the ____ nerve, and further along it also recieves some fibres from the ______

Answer 34

tibial nerve common peroneal nerve

Question 35

what forms the floor of the popliteal fossa

Answer 35

popliteal surface of femur capsule of knee joint popliteus muscle

Question 36

what does the popliteus muscle attach to

Answer 36

posterior aspect of tibia

Question 37

the fibres of popliteus muscle pierce through what

Answer 37

joint capsule of the knee

Question 38

what is the oblique popliteal ligament

Answer 38

expansion of semimembranosus tendon

Question 39

what is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament

Answer 39

reinforces knee joint capsule posteriorly

Question 40

what is the arcuate ligament

Answer 40

thickening of knee joint capsule where it is pierced by popliteus

Question 41

what are the two tendons in the floor of the popliteal fossa

Answer 41

oblique popliteal ligament | arcuate ligament

Question 42

what vessel pierces the joint capsule to supply cruciate ligaments

Answer 42

middle genicular vessels (Artery and vein)

Question 43

the middle genicular artery is a branch of

Answer 43

popliteal artery

Question 44

the popliteal artery is a continuation of what

Answer 44

femoral artery

Question 45

the femoral artery changes to the popliteal artery at what point

Answer 45

adductor hiatus

Question 46

the popliteal artery runs between what

Answer 46

adductor hiatus and inferior border of popliteus

Question 47

how many genicular branches are there

Answer 47

5

Question 48

what are the genicular branches and where do they do

Answer 48

middle - pierces into joint capsule to supply cruciate ligaments 4 other branches surround the knee joint forming an important anastomosis - medial and lateral superior genicular artery - medial and lateral inferior genicular artery

Question 49

what are the terminal branches of the popliteal artery

Answer 49

anterior and posterior tibial arteries