Larynx Flashcards
1
Q
what is the function of the larynx
A
phonation
2
Q
the main supporting parts of the larynx are composed of what
A
hyaline cartilage
3
Q
the hyaline cartilage of the larynx communicate via what
A
plane synovial joints
4
Q
what is the largest cartilage of the larynx
A
thyroid cartilage
5
Q
what is the adams apple
A
laryngeal prominence
6
Q
the thyroid cartilage attaches to the hyoid bone via what
A
thyrohyoid membrane
7
Q
what does the thyrohyoid membrane ensure
A
muscles that elevate the hyoid bone also elevate the larynx
8
Q
the thyroid cartilage articulates with what inferiorly
A
cricoid cartilage
9
Q
the thyroid cartilage provides attachment for what muscles
A
sternothyroid and thyrohyoid of anterior triangle of neck
inferior constrictor of the pharynx
10
Q
the sternothyroid, thyrohyoid and inferior constrictor attach where on the thyroid cartilage
A
oblique line
11
Q
what part of the thyroid cartilage has a facet for articulation with the cricoid cartilage
A
inferior horn
12
Q
what shape is the cricoid cartilage
A
signet ring shape
13
Q
what does the cricoid cartilage articulate with
A
thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
14
Q
how does the cricoid cartilage articulate with the trachea
A
trachea sits inferior to the cricoid cartilage and is attached by a thickened membrane - the cricotracheal ligament
15
Q
the arytenoid cartilages articulate with what
A
cricoid cartilage
16
Q
swiveling of the arytenoid cartilages on the surface of the cricoid does what
A
moves the vocal cords
17
Q
there are _ arytenoid cartilages
A
2
18
Q
each arytenoid cartilage has a muscular process for the attachment of what
A
posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles
19
Q
the posterior and lateral cricothyroid muscles act to
A
move the vocal cords
20
Q
each arytenoid cartilage had a muscular process and what other process
A
vocal process
21
Q
the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage provides attachment for what
A
vocal cords
22
Q
what are the tiny pieces of cartilage that attach to and support the aryepiglottic folds between the arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis
A
corniculate
cuneiform
23
Q
where are the cuneiform cartilages found
A
within aryepiglottic folds
24
Q
which cartilage attaches aryepiglottic fold
A
corniculate
25
how does the epiglottis communicate with the larynx
sits over larynx and communicates with it via the aryepiglottic folds
26
what is the epiglottis composed of
elastic cartilage
27
do any muscles move the epiglottis
no
28
how does the epiglottis stop food entering the larynx
it passively bends over the opening of the larynx when a food bolus pushes on its surface
29
does the epiglottis completely seal the top of the larynx during swallowing
no
30
what are the anterior connections of the epiglottis
body of hyoid bone and posterior surface of thyroid cartilage
31
what are the lateral connections of the epiglottis
arytenoid cartilages via aryepiglottic folds
32
the mucous membrane covering of the epiglottis is reflected onto posterior surface of the tongue forming what
median glossoepiglottic fold and lateral pharyngoepiglottic folds
33
where does the quadrangular ligament pass between
arytenoid cartilages and the epiglottis
34
what does the quadrangular membrane form close to the arytenoid cartilages
folds over itself to form a thickened free edge - the false/vestibular vocal fold
35
what forms the true vocal fold
formed from a membrane passing between the cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid
36
how are the vocal cords formed
upper border of the membrane passing between the cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid cartilages folds to form a free edge called the vocal ligament - vocal cord
37
the free edge of the quadrangular ligament is what
vestibular ligament (false vocal fold)
38
what is the membrane between the arytenoid cartilages and epiglottis
quadrangular ligament
39
what is the membrane between the cricoid, thyroid and arytenoid cartilages
cricothyroid membrane
40
the lower free edge of what forms the false vocal fold
quadrangular ligament
41
the upper border of the quadrangular ligament is called what
aryepiglottic fold
42
what is the function of the vestibular (false) vocal fold
protects the true vocal fold beneath it
43
how is sound created
true vocal folds are moved in and out (adduction and abduction) to disrupt the flow of air through larynx + the tension in the vocal folds
44
what is the most posterior space between the vocal folds
rima glottidis
45
what are the vocal cords like in phonation
nearly closed
46
what are the vocal cords like in quiet respiration
half open
47
what are the vocal cords like in forced inspiration
open
48
how are individual words/sounds created
movement of lips, cheeks and tongue
49
what are the external (extrinsic) muscles of the larynx
supra and infra hyoid muscles of the neck which attach to the hyoid bone or thyroid cartilage and move the entire larynx - swallowing
50
what muscles are involved in elevation of the larynx
```
digastric
stylohyoid
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
(stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus)
```
51
what muscles are involved in depression of the larynx
sternothyroid
sternohyoid
omohyoid (elastic recoil of trachea)
52
what are the intrinsic muscles of the larynx
muscles which will pass between elements of the larynx and move the cartilages or vocal folds
53
what intrinsic muscle sits on the anterior surface of the larynx
cricothyroid
54
which intrinsic muscle is the odd one out and why
cricothyroid - sits on anterior surface of larynx, others sit on posterior or internal surface and innervated by external laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve and others are recurrent laryngeal
55
what are the attachments of cricothyroid
cricoid cartilage to lamina and inferior cornu of thyroid cartilage
56
what is the function of the cricothyroid
tense and elongate vocal folds
57
how does cricothyroid cause tensing and elongating the vocal folds do
increase distance between the thyroid cartilage and vocal process of arytenoid - thyroid forward and cricoid tilted backwards
58
what is the innervation of cricothyroid
external laryngeal branch of vagus CN X
59
increasing the tension in the vocal fold does what
change pitch of a sound
60
what are the attachments of thyroarytenoid
inner surface of angle of thyroid cartilage to the anterolateral surface of the arytenoid cartilages
61
what is the vocalis
upper fibres of the thyroarytenoid that run alongside the vocal ligament
62
what is the function of thyroarytenoid
pull arytenoids forwards towards thyroid cartilage = shortens and relaxes vocal ligament
63
what muscle does the opposite of cricothyroid
thyroarytenoid
64
thyroarytenoid does what to the vocal cords
makes them shorter and less tense
65
what is the innervation of the thyroarytenoid
recurrent laryngeal nerve vagus CN X
66
what are the attachments of the posterior cricoarytenoid
posterior lamina of cricoid cartilage to muscular process of arytenoid cartilage
67
what is the function of the posterior cricoarytenoid
pulls muscular process of arytenoid backwards - rotating vocal process laterally causing abduction of vocal fold
68
what is the innervation of the posterior cricoarytenoid
recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)
69
where is posterior cricoarytenoid seen
fills the posterior surface of the cricoid cartilage
70
abduction of the vocal folds causes what
airway is opened
71
what are the attachments of the lateral cricoarytenoid
upper edge of the arch of cricoid cartilage to muscular process of arytenoid cartilages
72
what is the function of the lateral cricoarytenoid
pulls muscular process forwards - rotates vocal process medially = adduction of the vocal fold
73
what muscle does the opposite of lateral cricoarytenoid
posterior cricoarytenoid
74
what is the innervation of lateral cricoarytenoid
recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus nerve (CN X)
75
what are the attachments of the oblique arytenoid
muscular process of arytenoid cartilage to the apex of opposite arytenoid cartilage
76
some fibres of the oblique arytenoid form what
aryepiglottic muscles in aryepiglottic fold
77
what is the function of the oblique arytenoid
- pull the arytenoid cartilages closer together, narrowing the gap between the vocal folds
- brings the edges of the quadrangular membrane closer together and therefore the aryepiglottic folds
78
what is the oblique arytenoid described as
sphincter of the laryngeal inlet
79
what is the innervation of the oblique arytenoid
recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus (CN X)
80
what are the attachments of the transverse arytenoid
posterior and medial surfaces of arytenoid cartilages to opposite arytenoid cartilage
81
what is the function of the transverse arytenoid
moves the arytenoid cartilages closer together and helps to close posterior part of rima glottidis
82
what is the innervation of transverse arytenoid
recurrent laryngeal branch of vagus CN X
83
what 2 muscles can help to protect the true vocal fold
olique arytenoid and transverse arytenoid
84
function of oblique arytenoid
sphincter of laryngeal inlet
85
function of cricothyroid
tense and elongate vocal ligaments
86
function of thyroarytenoid
relax and shorten vocal ligaments
87
function of lateral cricoarytenoid
adduct vocal fold
88
function of posterior cricoarytenoid
abduct vocal fold
89
function of transverse arytenoid
closes rima glottis (posterior)
90
the external laryngeal nerve is a branch of what
superior laryngeal nerve
91
the superior laryngeal nerve carries sensory fibres to the inner surface of the larynx via what
internal laryngeal branch of the vagus
92
the recurrent laryngeal nerve curves under what on the right and left
right - subclavian
| left - arch of aorta
93
recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under what constrictor
inferior
94
the arteries that supply the larynx originate from where
thyroid arteries
95
the thyroid arteries originate from where
superior - external carotid
| inferior - subclavian
96
the inferior thyroid artery is from
thyrocervical trunk from subclavian
97
the inferior laryngeal artery is from
inferior thyroid from thyrocervical trunk of subclavian
98
the superior laryngeal artery is from
superior thyroid from external carotid
99
the larynx is drained by what veins
superior and inferior thyroid veins
100
the superior thyroid veins drain where
internal jugular vein on both sides
101
both of the inferior thyroid veins drain where
into left brachiocephalic vein
102
the inferior laryngeal veins drain where
inferior thyroid to left brachiocephalic
103
lymph drainage of the larynx is to where
local paratracheal nodes and deep cervical nodes
