Gluteal region and hip

Question 1

what structure divides the greater and lesser sciatic notch

Answer 1

ischial spine

Question 2

what part of the hip bone will bear the weight of the hip bone when seated

Answer 2

ischial tuberosity

Question 3

what is the bony projection of the ischium inferiorly

Answer 3

ischial tuberosity

Question 4

the sacrospinous ligament goes between

Answer 4

the sacrum and the ischial spine

Question 5

the sacrotuberous ligament goes between the

Answer 5

sacrum and ischial tuberosity

Question 6

what is the name of the angle found between the long axis of the head and neck of the femur and the long axis of the shaft

Answer 6

angle of inclination

Question 7

what does the angle of inclination mean in terms of the orientation of the proximal and distal ends of the femur

Answer 7

the distal end of the femur is more medial than the proximal end

Question 8

the angle of inclination of the femur is greater/less than 90 degrees

Answer 8

greater than

Question 9

what is the angle of anteversion/torsion

Answer 9

angle found between the axis of the femoral head and neck and the transverse axis of the femoral condyles

Question 10

what is the angle of anteversion of the femur

Answer 10

12 degrees

Question 11

what connects the greater and lesser trochanters anteriorly

Answer 11

intertrochanteric line

Question 12

what connects the greater and lesser trochanters posteriorly

Answer 12

intertrochanteric crest

Question 13

what are the 3 groups of muscles of the gluteal region

Answer 13

• lateral rotators of the hip
• medial rotators and abductors of the hip
• support

Question 14

what are the lateral rotators of the hip in the gluteal region

Answer 14

gluteus maximus
piriformis
obturator internus
gemelli
quadratus femoris

Question 15

gluteus maximus is a lateral rotator of the hip and also

Answer 15

an extensor

Question 16

what are the medial rotators and abductors of the hip in the gluteal region

Answer 16

gluteus medius and minimus

Question 17

what muscle in the gluteal region is there for support

Answer 17

tensor fascia latae

Question 18

what are the attachments of gluteus maximus

Answer 18

sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and ilium behind posterior gluteal line –> 3/4 to the the iliotibial tract and 1/4 to the gluteal tuberosity of femur

Question 19

what is the function of gluteus maximus

Answer 19

extends hip

assists with lateral rotation

Question 20

what is the innervation of gluteus maximus

Answer 20

L5 S1 S2

Question 21

what are the attachments of tensor fascia latae

Answer 21

anterior iliac crest and ASIS –> to the iliotibial tract

Question 22

what is the function of tensor fascia latae

Answer 22

tenses fascia latae and iliotibial tract; supports femur on tibia during standing

Question 23

what is the innervation of tensor fascia latae

Answer 23

superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 24

what are the attachments of gluteus medius

Answer 24

ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines –> to the greater trochanter of the femur (lateral surface)

Question 25

what is the function of gluteus medius

Answer 25

abducts and medially rotates hip

Question 26

what is the innervation of gluteus medius

Answer 26

superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 27

what are the attachments of gluteus minimus

Answer 27

ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines --> to the greater trochanter of the femur (anterior surface)

Question 28

what is the function of gluteus minimus

Answer 28

abducts and medially rotates the hip

Question 29

what is the innervation of gluteus minimus

Answer 29

superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 30

what muscle is found deep to gluteus medius

Answer 30

gluteus minimus

Question 31

how can gluteus medius and minimus produce medial rotation of the hip

Answer 31

because of the angle of torsion; greater trochanter is actually positioned slightly posterior to the position of the head of the femur and so attachments of these muscles will actually be slightly anterior to the axis of movement

Question 32

what are the attachments of piriformis

Answer 32

anterior sacrum and sacrotuberous ligament --> to the greater trochanter of the femur (superior border)

Question 33

what foramen does piriformis pass through

Answer 33

greater sciatic foramen

Question 34

what is the function of piriformis

Answer 34

lateral rotation of the hip

Question 35

what is the innervation of piriformis

Answer 35

anterior rami of S1 S2 (direct)

Question 36

what are the attachments of obturator internus

Answer 36

pelvis surface of obturator membrane and surrounding bones --> to the medial side of the greater trochanter (trochanteric fossa)

Question 37

obturator internus passes through what foramen

Answer 37

lesser sciatic foramen

Question 38

what muscle passes through the greater sciatic foramen

Answer 38

piriformis

Question 39

what muscle passes through the lesser sciatic foramen

Answer 39

obturator internus

Question 40

what is the function of obturator internus

Answer 40

laterally rotates the hip

Question 41

what is the innervation of obturator internus

Answer 41

nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

Question 42

what are the attachments of the superior gemelli

Answer 42

ischial spine to blend with the tendon of obturator internus on medial side of the greater trochanter

Question 43

what are the attachments of the inferior gemelli

Answer 43

ischial tuberosity to blend with the tendon of obturator internus on the medial side of the greater trochanter

Question 44

what is the function of the gemelli

Answer 44

laterally rotate hip

Question 45

what is the innervation of the superior gemelli

Answer 45

nerve to obturator internus

Question 46

what is the innervation of the inferior gemelli

Answer 46

nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 47

the gemelli are found either side of what

Answer 47

obturator internus / tendon

Question 48

what is the most inferior muscle of the gluteal region

Answer 48

quadratus femoris

Question 49

what are the attachments of quadratus femoris

Answer 49

ischial tuberosity to the quadrate tubercle on the intertrochanteric crest of femur

Question 50

what is the function of quadratus femoris

Answer 50

laterally rotates hip

Question 51

what is the innervation of quadratus femoris

Answer 51

nerve to quadratus femoris

Question 52

what compartment is obturator externus in

Answer 52

muscle is in medial compartment, tendon is in gluteal region

Question 53

what are the attachments of obturator externus

Answer 53

outer surface of obturator membrane to the trochanteric fossa

Question 54

what is the function of obturator externus

Answer 54

laterally rotates hip

Question 55

what is the innervation of obturator externus

Answer 55

obturator nerve (L3,4)

Question 56

what are the roots of the sciatic nerve

Answer 56

L4 L5 S1 S2 S3

Question 57

what are the 2 branches of the sciatic nerve

Answer 57

tibial and common peroneal

Question 58

the sciatic nerve exits the pelvis via ____ and passes through the ___

Answer 58

greater sciatic foramen | gluteal region

Question 59

where does the tibial branch of the sciatic nerve leave

Answer 59

below piriformis

Question 60

where does the common peroneal branch of the sciatic nerve leave

Answer 60

below, through or above piriformis

Question 61

the superior and inferior gluteal vessels and nerves are named in relation to what

Answer 61

relative to the piriformis

Question 62

superior gluteal nerves and vessels divide into

Answer 62

superficial and deep

Question 63

deep branches of the superior gluteal nerves and vessels course ____ in the plane between what

Answer 63

anteriorly | between gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Question 64

how will the deep branch of the superior gluteal nerve terminate

Answer 64

by supplying the tensor fascia lata muscle anteriorly

Question 65

what nerves lies on the posterior aspect of the sciatic nerve

Answer 65

posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (anterior rami S1,2,3)

Question 66

what branch does the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh give off to supply the skin of the inferior half of the buttock

Answer 66

inferior clunial nerve

Question 67

what are the roots of the posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Answer 67

S1 2 3

Question 68

what are the roots of the middle clunial nerve

Answer 68

posterior rami S1 2 3

Question 69

what are the roots of the superior clunial nerve

Answer 69

posterior rami L1 2 3

Question 70

what holds head of femur in the acetabulum

Answer 70

ligament of head of femur attaching to fovea of head and floor of acetabulum

Question 71

describe the surface of the acetabulum

Answer 71

articular cartilage plus a fat pad in acetabular fossa | articular cartilage is in a horse shoe shape with ligament joining two ends (acetabular notch)

Question 72

what ligament joins the two ends of the horse shoe shaped articular cartilage in the acetabulum

Answer 72

transverse acetabular ligament

Question 73

what travels in the ligament of head of femur

Answer 73

artery to head of femur

Question 74

describe the capsular attachments of the hip at the acetabulum

Answer 74

capsule attaches around border of articular surface - closely follows margins of articular surfaces and spans acetabular notch

Question 75

what is the acetabular notch

Answer 75

gap in the articular cartilage

Question 76

describe the capsular attachments of the hip at the femur

Answer 76

capsule not attached to articular margins but attaches closely along margin of junction of neck of femur to shaft

Question 77

what is the advantage of the capsular attachment at the femur

Answer 77

creates a looseness that allows the capsule to have a large ROM

Question 78

what are the attachments of the iliofemoral ligament

Answer 78

AIIS --> intertrochanteric line

Question 79

describe the structure of the iliofemoral ligament

Answer 79

upper and lower bands

Question 80

describe the attachments of the iliofemoral ligament

Answer 80

small attachment on hip bone with broad attachment on intertrochanteric line on femur

Question 81

what is the function of the iliofemoral ligament

Answer 81

limits extension and lateral rotation of the hip upper part limits adduction lower part limits abduction

Question 82

what part of the iliofemoral ligament limits adduction

Answer 82

upper part

Question 83

what part of the iliofemoral ligament limits abduction

Answer 83

lower part

Question 84

what are the attachments of the pubofemoral ligament

Answer 84

iliopubic eminence to the lower part of the intertrochanteric line

Question 85

what is the function of the pubofemoral ligament

Answer 85

limits extension, lateral rotation and abduction

Question 86

what are the attachments of the ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 86

posterior aspect of the acetabulum to the greater trochanter

Question 87

what is the function of the ischiofemoral ligament

Answer 87

limits extension, medial rotation and adduction

Question 88

compare the function of the pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments

Answer 88

pubofemoral ligament limits extension, lateral rotation and abduction ischiofemoral limits extension, medial rotation and adduction

Question 89

are there any ligaments that limit flexion

Answer 89

no trunk does this

Question 90

the artery of the head of the femur is a branch of what artery

Answer 90

obturator

Question 91

the lateral and medial circumflex arteries that supply the hip joint are branches of what

Answer 91

profunda femoris

Question 92

what movements are important at the hip to allow walking

Answer 92

medial and lateral rotation and abduction

Question 93

as you walk forward and the pelvis rotates, in what direction does the advancing limb move

Answer 93

As we are advancing, the limb itself is going to rotate in the opposite direction as the movement of the pelvis

Question 94

As we are advancing, the limb itself is going to rotate in the opposite direction as the movement of the pelvis - why?

Answer 94

so the toes remain pointing forward so the feet stay parallel while we walk

Question 95

As you plant one limb and advance the other you will get medial rotation at ___ and lateral rotation at ___

Answer 95

medial rotation at the planted side | lateral rotation at the advancing side

Question 96

in walking gluteus medius and minimius are also important as they cause medial rotation and abduction in what limb

Answer 96

hip of the planted leg

Question 97

abduction of the hip of the planted leg allows what

Answer 97

because the hip is planted it causes the hip on the other side to raise up which allows toes to not drag along ground when advancing