posterior leg and ankle

Question 1

what is the name of the line on the posterior surface of the tibia

Answer 1

soleal line

Question 2

what is the area superior to the soleal line called

Answer 2

popliteal area

Question 3

how many muscles are in the posterior compartment of the leg

Answer 3

7 - 3 superficial and 4 deep

Question 4

the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg all insert where

Answer 4

posterior surface of calcaneous via tendocalcaneous

Question 5

what is the anatomical name for the achilles

Answer 5

tendocalcaneous

Question 6

all except what muscle cross the ankle joint in the posterior compartment of the leg

Answer 6

popliteus

Question 7

what is the attachment of the medial head of gastrocnemius

Answer 7

popliteal surface of femur superior to medial condyle

Question 8

what is the attachment of the lateral head of gastrocnemius

Answer 8

lateral aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur

Question 9

what is the innervation of the gastrocnemius

Answer 9

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Question 10

what is the function of gastrocnemius

Answer 10

plantarflexes ankle

flexes knee

Question 11

is dorsiflexion or plantarflexion actually extension

Answer 11

dorsiflexion

Question 12

what is the proximal attachment of plantaris

Answer 12

lateral supracondylar line of femur (proximal to lateral head of gastrocnemius)

Question 13

what is the innervation of plantaris

Answer 13

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Question 14

what is the function of plantaris

Answer 14

assists plantarflexion of ankle

Question 15

describe the gross appearance of plnataris

Answer 15

small muscle belly and long tendon

Question 16

what is the proximal attachment of soleus

Answer 16

soleal line of tibia and upper 1/3 posterior fibula

Question 17

what is present between the proximal bony attachments of soleus

Answer 17

tendinous arch

Question 18

what is the innervation of soleus

Answer 18

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

Question 19

what is the function of soleus

Answer 19

plantarflexes ankle join

Question 20

what are the 3 muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior leg

Answer 20

gastrocnemius
plantaris
soleus

Question 21

what are the attachments of popliteus

Answer 21

lateral condyle of femur (pit for popliteus) and lateral meniscus to the popliteal area of tibia (above soleal line)

Question 22

what is the innervation of popliteus

Answer 22

tibial nerve (L4, 5, S1)

Question 23

what is the function of popliteus

Answer 23

unlocks knee joint by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia

Question 24

how does popliteus unlock the knee

Answer 24

ligaments in knee become taut before full extension is reached. Passive rotation of ligaments at the knee joint loosens them enough for extension to be reached - once this occurs cannot flex the knee until popliteus contracts

Question 25

what are the attachments of flexor digitorum longus

Answer 25

posterior surface of tibia to base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5

Question 26

what is the innervation of FDL

Answer 26

tibial nerve L5, S1, S2

Question 27

what is the function of FDL

Answer 27

flexes lateral 4 digits and weak plantarflexor of ankle

Question 28

how does FDL cross in the foot

Answer 28

obliquely

Question 29

the tendon of FDL passes ____ to medial malleolus

Answer 29

posterior

Question 30

what are the attachments of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 30

posterior surface of fibula to the base of the distal phalanx of hallux

Question 31

what is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 31

tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)

Question 32

what is the action of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 32

flexes hallux | weak plantarflexor of ankle

Question 33

describe the course of flexor hallucis longus

Answer 33

proximal attachment is lateral, runs obliquely to pass posterior to medial malleolus then runs along medial aspect of sole of foot to base of big toe

Question 34

what are the attachments of tibialis posterior

Answer 34

posterior surface of tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane to the tuberosity of the navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, base of 2nd 3rd and 4th metatarsals (attaches on all tarsal bones except talus)

Question 35

what is the innervation of tibialis posterior

Answer 35

tibial nerve L4 L5

Question 36

what is the action of tibialis posterior

Answer 36

``` plantarflexes ankle inverts foot (with tibialis anterior) ```

Question 37

tibialis posterior is found between what 2 muscles

Answer 37

FDL FHL

Question 38

what is the arrangement of the tendons of the deep posterior muscles at the ankle joint

Answer 38

medial to lateral - tom dick and harry Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus

Question 39

what tendon of the deep muscles of posterior compartment passes most medially behind the medial malleolus

Answer 39

tibialis posterior

Question 40

what tendon of the deep muscles of posterior compartment passes most laterally behind the medial malleolus

Answer 40

Flexor Hallucis longus

Question 41

what are the attachments of the flexor retinaculum

Answer 41

medial malleolus to the calcaneous

Question 42

the posterior tibial vessels and tibial nerve are found where at the ankle

Answer 42

between FDL and FHL tendons Tom Dick and A Very Naughty Harry

Question 43

the posterior tibial artery is a terminal branch of what artery

Answer 43

popliteal artery

Question 44

where does the popliteal artery give its terminal branches (anterior and posterior tibial artery)

Answer 44

inferior border of popliteus

Question 45

describe the course of the posterior tibial artery

Answer 45

passes between heads of gastrocnemius and deep to soleus to run on surface of tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus

Question 46

what is the name of the branch of the posterior tibial artery that runs medial to fibula, usually within flexor hallucis longus

Answer 46

fibular artery

Question 47

what is the course of the fibular artery

Answer 47

runs medial to fibula, usually within Flexor hallucis longus

Question 48

what does the posterior tibial artery terminate as

Answer 48

medial and lateral plantar arteries in the foot

Question 49

describe the course of the tibial nerve from the thigh to the leg

Answer 49

passes close to midline of leg as it passes posterior to knee joint and continues downwards, as it passes down it gives numerous muscular branches to supply the posterior compartment

Question 50

the tibial nerve passes with what

Answer 50

posterior tibial artery

Question 51

describe the path of the tibial nerve in the leg

Answer 51

passes between the heads of gastrocnemius and deep to soleus. Continues into the sole of foot, posterior to the medial malleolus and gives terminal branches as it enters the foot; medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 52

what are the terminal branches of the tibial nerve

Answer 52

medial and lateral plantar nerves

Question 53

what passes through the tendinous arch of soleus

Answer 53

tibial nerve | posterior tibial artery

Question 54

the tibial nerve passes between what 2 tendons at the ankle joint

Answer 54

FHL and FDL

Question 55

what forms the sural nerve

Answer 55

gets fibres from both the tibial and common peroneal nerves

Question 56

the lateral part of the sural nerve will be fibres from what nerve

Answer 56

common peroneal

Question 57

the medial part of the sural nerve will be fibres from what nerve

Answer 57

tibial nerve

Question 58

what happens when 2 adjacent dermatomes are non-adjacent spinal cord levels

Answer 58

axial line - no mixing

Question 59

what is the innervation of the dorsum of the foot at the big toe

Answer 59

L4

Question 60

what is the innervation of the dorsum of the foot at the middle 3 toes

Answer 60

L5

Question 61

what is the innervation of the dorsum of the foot at the little toe

Answer 61

S1

Question 62

what is the innervation of the heel

Answer 62

S2 mainly

Question 63

what is the cutaneous innervation of the popliteal fossa

Answer 63

posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

Question 64

what is the innervation of the posterolateral leg

Answer 64

sural nerve

Question 65

what is the innervation of the medial leg

Answer 65

saphenous nerve

Question 66

what is the dermatome of the lateral foot

Answer 66

S1

Question 67

what kind of joint is the inferior tibiofibular joint

Answer 67

syndesmosis

Question 68

the interosseous tibiofibular ligament is continuous with what

Answer 68

interosseous membrane

Question 69

what are the ligaments of the inferior tibiofibular joint

Answer 69

anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments | interosseous ligament

Question 70

there is slight movement at the the inferior tibiofibular joint to accomodate what

Answer 70

dorsiflexion; anterior part of the trochlea of talus is wider anteriorly so when you dorsiflex the ankle you need to accomodate a wider area

Question 71

what forms the ankle joint

Answer 71

malleolar mortise (distal ends of tibia and fibula) articulate with trochlea of talus

Question 72

what forms the malleolar mortise

Answer 72

medial surface of lateral malleolus and lateral surface of medial malleolus and inferior surface of shaft of tibia form the malleolar mortise

Question 73

what bone forms the heel

Answer 73

calcaneus

Question 74

what kind of joint is between the calcaneus and the talus

Answer 74

synovial

Question 75

does the foot have more ROM with dorsiflexion or plantarflexion

Answer 75

more plantarflexion (30-50) compared with 20-30 for dorsi

Question 76

what kind of joint is the ankle

Answer 76

hinge

Question 77

the capsule of the ankle is weak where

Answer 77

anteriorly and posteriorly

Question 78

the capsule of the ankle attaches mostly around articular margins except where

Answer 78

anteriorly it extends onto the neck of the talus

Question 79

what supports the ankle laterally and medially

Answer 79

strong collateral ligaments

Question 80

what are the lateral collateral ligaments

Answer 80

anterior talofibular posterior talofibular calcaneofibular

Question 81

what does the anterior talofibular ligament attach between

Answer 81

lateral malleolus and neck of talus

Question 82

what does the calcaneofibular ligament attach between

Answer 82

anterior aspect of lateral malleolus and lateral surface of calcaneous

Question 83

the posterior talofibular ligament attaches between what

Answer 83

lateral malleolus to lateral tubercle of talus

Question 84

what shape is the medial collateral ligament

Answer 84

triangular (also called deltoid ligament)

Question 85

the medial collateral ligament runs between

Answer 85

fans out from medial malleolus and has 4 parts

Question 86

what are the 4 parts of the medial collateral ligament

Answer 86

anterior tibiotalar tibionavicular tibiocalcaneal posterior tibiotalar

Question 87

which part of the medial collateral ligament attaches to the sustentaculum tali

Answer 87

tibiocalcaneal

Question 88

which part of the medial collateral ligament attaches on the tubercle of the talus

Answer 88

posterior tibiotalar

Question 89

what tendon creates a groove in the posterior surface of talus

Answer 89

FHL