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BMSC Regional Gross Anatomy 2 > posterior leg and ankle > Flashcards

posterior leg and ankle Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name of the line on the posterior surface of the tibia

A

soleal line

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2
Q

what is the area superior to the soleal line called

A

popliteal area

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3
Q

how many muscles are in the posterior compartment of the leg

A

7 - 3 superficial and 4 deep

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4
Q

the superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg all insert where

A

posterior surface of calcaneous via tendocalcaneous

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5
Q

what is the anatomical name for the achilles

A

tendocalcaneous

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6
Q

all except what muscle cross the ankle joint in the posterior compartment of the leg

A

popliteus

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7
Q

what is the attachment of the medial head of gastrocnemius

A

popliteal surface of femur superior to medial condyle

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8
Q

what is the attachment of the lateral head of gastrocnemius

A

lateral aspect of the lateral condyle of the femur

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9
Q

what is the innervation of the gastrocnemius

A

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

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10
Q

what is the function of gastrocnemius

A

plantarflexes ankle

flexes knee

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11
Q

is dorsiflexion or plantarflexion actually extension

A

dorsiflexion

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12
Q

what is the proximal attachment of plantaris

A

lateral supracondylar line of femur (proximal to lateral head of gastrocnemius)

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13
Q

what is the innervation of plantaris

A

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

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14
Q

what is the function of plantaris

A

assists plantarflexion of ankle

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15
Q

describe the gross appearance of plnataris

A

small muscle belly and long tendon

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16
Q

what is the proximal attachment of soleus

A

soleal line of tibia and upper 1/3 posterior fibula

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17
Q

what is present between the proximal bony attachments of soleus

A

tendinous arch

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18
Q

what is the innervation of soleus

A

tibial nerve (S1, S2)

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19
Q

what is the function of soleus

A

plantarflexes ankle join

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20
Q

what are the 3 muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior leg

A

gastrocnemius
plantaris
soleus

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21
Q

what are the attachments of popliteus

A

lateral condyle of femur (pit for popliteus) and lateral meniscus to the popliteal area of tibia (above soleal line)

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22
Q

what is the innervation of popliteus

A

tibial nerve (L4, 5, S1)

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23
Q

what is the function of popliteus

A

unlocks knee joint by laterally rotating femur on fixed tibia

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24
Q

how does popliteus unlock the knee

A

ligaments in knee become taut before full extension is reached. Passive rotation of ligaments at the knee joint loosens them enough for extension to be reached - once this occurs cannot flex the knee until popliteus contracts

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25
Q

what are the attachments of flexor digitorum longus

A

posterior surface of tibia to base of distal phalanx of digits 2-5

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26
Q

what is the innervation of FDL

A

tibial nerve L5, S1, S2

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27
Q

what is the function of FDL

A

flexes lateral 4 digits and weak plantarflexor of ankle

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28
Q

how does FDL cross in the foot

A

obliquely

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29
Q

the tendon of FDL passes ____ to medial malleolus

A

posterior

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30
Q

what are the attachments of flexor hallucis longus

A

posterior surface of fibula to the base of the distal phalanx of hallux

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31
Q

what is the innervation of flexor hallucis longus

A

tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)

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32
Q

what is the action of flexor hallucis longus

A

flexes hallux

weak plantarflexor of ankle

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33
Q

describe the course of flexor hallucis longus

A

proximal attachment is lateral, runs obliquely to pass posterior to medial malleolus then runs along medial aspect of sole of foot to base of big toe

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34
Q

what are the attachments of tibialis posterior

A

posterior surface of tibia and fibula, interosseous membrane to the tuberosity of the navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, base of 2nd 3rd and 4th metatarsals (attaches on all tarsal bones except talus)

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35
Q

what is the innervation of tibialis posterior

A

tibial nerve L4 L5

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36
Q

what is the action of tibialis posterior

A 
plantarflexes ankle
inverts foot (with tibialis anterior)
37
Q

tibialis posterior is found between what 2 muscles

A

FDL FHL

38
Q

what is the arrangement of the tendons of the deep posterior muscles at the ankle joint

A

medial to lateral - tom dick and harry
Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus

39
Q

what tendon of the deep muscles of posterior compartment passes most medially behind the medial malleolus

A

tibialis posterior

40
Q

what tendon of the deep muscles of posterior compartment passes most laterally behind the medial malleolus

A

Flexor Hallucis longus

41
Q

what are the attachments of the flexor retinaculum

A

medial malleolus to the calcaneous

42
Q

the posterior tibial vessels and tibial nerve are found where at the ankle

A

between FDL and FHL tendons

Tom Dick and A Very Naughty Harry

43
Q

the posterior tibial artery is a terminal branch of what artery

A

popliteal artery

44
Q

where does the popliteal artery give its terminal branches (anterior and posterior tibial artery)

A

inferior border of popliteus

45
Q

describe the course of the posterior tibial artery

A

passes between heads of gastrocnemius and deep to soleus to run on surface of tibialis posterior and flexor digitorum longus

46
Q

what is the name of the branch of the posterior tibial artery that runs medial to fibula, usually within flexor hallucis longus

A

fibular artery

47
Q

what is the course of the fibular artery

A

runs medial to fibula, usually within Flexor hallucis longus

48
Q

what does the posterior tibial artery terminate as

A

medial and lateral plantar arteries in the foot

49
Q

describe the course of the tibial nerve from the thigh to the leg

A

passes close to midline of leg as it passes posterior to knee joint and continues downwards, as it passes down it gives numerous muscular branches to supply the posterior compartment

50
Q

the tibial nerve passes with what

A

posterior tibial artery

51
Q

describe the path of the tibial nerve in the leg

A

passes between the heads of gastrocnemius and deep to soleus. Continues into the sole of foot, posterior to the medial malleolus and gives terminal branches as it enters the foot; medial and lateral plantar nerves

52
Q

what are the terminal branches of the tibial nerve

A

medial and lateral plantar nerves

53
Q

what passes through the tendinous arch of soleus

A

tibial nerve

posterior tibial artery

54
Q

the tibial nerve passes between what 2 tendons at the ankle joint

A

FHL and FDL

55
Q

what forms the sural nerve

A

gets fibres from both the tibial and common peroneal nerves

56
Q

the lateral part of the sural nerve will be fibres from what nerve

A

common peroneal

57
Q

the medial part of the sural nerve will be fibres from what nerve

A

tibial nerve

58
Q

what happens when 2 adjacent dermatomes are non-adjacent spinal cord levels

A

axial line - no mixing

59
Q

what is the innervation of the dorsum of the foot at the big toe

A

L4

60
Q

what is the innervation of the dorsum of the foot at the middle 3 toes

A

L5

61
Q

what is the innervation of the dorsum of the foot at the little toe

A

S1

62
Q

what is the innervation of the heel

A

S2 mainly

63
Q

what is the cutaneous innervation of the popliteal fossa

A

posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh

64
Q

what is the innervation of the posterolateral leg

A

sural nerve

65
Q

what is the innervation of the medial leg

A

saphenous nerve

66
Q

what is the dermatome of the lateral foot

A

S1

67
Q

what kind of joint is the inferior tibiofibular joint

A

syndesmosis

68
Q

the interosseous tibiofibular ligament is continuous with what

A

interosseous membrane

69
Q

what are the ligaments of the inferior tibiofibular joint

A

anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments

interosseous ligament

70
Q

there is slight movement at the the inferior tibiofibular joint to accomodate what

A

dorsiflexion; anterior part of the trochlea of talus is wider anteriorly so when you dorsiflex the ankle you need to accomodate a wider area

71
Q

what forms the ankle joint

A

malleolar mortise (distal ends of tibia and fibula) articulate with trochlea of talus

72
Q

what forms the malleolar mortise

A

medial surface of lateral malleolus and lateral surface of medial malleolus and inferior surface of shaft of tibia form the malleolar mortise

73
Q

what bone forms the heel

A

calcaneus

74
Q

what kind of joint is between the calcaneus and the talus

A

synovial

75
Q

does the foot have more ROM with dorsiflexion or plantarflexion

A

more plantarflexion (30-50) compared with 20-30 for dorsi

76
Q

what kind of joint is the ankle

A

hinge

77
Q

the capsule of the ankle is weak where

A

anteriorly and posteriorly

78
Q

the capsule of the ankle attaches mostly around articular margins except where

A

anteriorly it extends onto the neck of the talus

79
Q

what supports the ankle laterally and medially

A

strong collateral ligaments

80
Q

what are the lateral collateral ligaments

A

anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
calcaneofibular

81
Q

what does the anterior talofibular ligament attach between

A

lateral malleolus and neck of talus

82
Q

what does the calcaneofibular ligament attach between

A

anterior aspect of lateral malleolus and lateral surface of calcaneous

83
Q

the posterior talofibular ligament attaches between what

A

lateral malleolus to lateral tubercle of talus

84
Q

what shape is the medial collateral ligament

A

triangular (also called deltoid ligament)

85
Q

the medial collateral ligament runs between

A

fans out from medial malleolus and has 4 parts

86
Q

what are the 4 parts of the medial collateral ligament

A

anterior tibiotalar
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal
posterior tibiotalar

87
Q

which part of the medial collateral ligament attaches to the sustentaculum tali

A

tibiocalcaneal

88
Q

which part of the medial collateral ligament attaches on the tubercle of the talus

A

posterior tibiotalar

89
Q

what tendon creates a groove in the posterior surface of talus

A

FHL

BMSC Regional Gross Anatomy 2 (36 decks)

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