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BMSC Regional Gross Anatomy 2 > knee joint > Flashcards

knee joint Flashcards

1
Q

what kind of joint is the knee joint

A

modified synovial hinge joint

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2
Q

what articulations make up the knee joint

A

3 separate articulations
- 1 femoropatellar
2x femorotibial

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3
Q

describe the articular surfaces of the inferior surface of the femur

A

patellar surface anteriorly (the lateral side of which extends more anteriorly to resist lateral dislocation of patella)
medial and lateral condyles posteriorly
intercondylar fossa

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4
Q

is the medial or lateral condyle of the femur larger

A

medial

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5
Q

what shape is the patellar surface of the femur

A

concave

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6
Q

what separates the medial and lateral condyles on the femur

A

intercondylar fossa

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7
Q

describe the superior surface of the tibia

A

medial and lateral condyles separated by a non-articular ridge called the intercondylar eminence

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8
Q

describe the articular (posterior) surface of the patella

A

apex pointing inferiorly
2 facets - larger lateral facet and smaller medial facet
- the lateral border of the femur extends more anteriorly to match larger lateral facet of patella

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9
Q

capsular attachments on the femur largely follow what except where

A

margin of articular surface except posteriorly where intercondylar fossa is enclosed in the capsule

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10
Q

anteriorly the capsule of the knee joint fuses with what

A

quadriceps tendon, patella and ligamentum patellae

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11
Q

where does ligamentum patellae attach

A

tibial tuberosity

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12
Q

describe the capsular attachments on the tibia

A

around the margins of the tibial plateau except posteriorly where there is a deficit behind lateral condyle to allow passage of popliteus

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13
Q

describe the synovial membrane attachment on the patella and femur

A

attaches around the margins of the articular surfaces

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14
Q

describe the synovial membrane attachment on the tibia

A

mostly follows the margins of the articular surfaces; forms an infrapatellar fold which excludes the intercondylar eminence from the synovial cavity and anteriorly there are alar folds covering fat pads on either side of patellar ligament

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15
Q

what does the infrapatellar synovial connect

A

connects the intercondylar fossa on femur and intercondylar eminence on tibia - separates joint cavity into two separate spaces

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16
Q

what bursae around the knee are in communication with the synovial cavity of the knee

A

suprapatellar
gastrocnemius
semimembranosus
popliteus

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17
Q

what bursae around the knee are not in communication with the synovial cavity of the knee

A
  • subcutaneous prepatellar
  • subcutaneous infrapatellar
  • deep infrapatellar
  • anserine
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18
Q

the anserine bursae is related to what tendons

A

gracilis, sartorius and semitendinosus

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19
Q

the suprapatellar bursae extends superiorly on anterior aspect of knee and is held in place by deep fibres of what

A

vastus intermedius

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20
Q

what are the extracapsular ligaments of the knee

A

oblique popliteal
arcuate popliteal
medial and lateral collateral

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21
Q

what are the intracapsular ligaments of the knee

A

anterior and posterior cruciate

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22
Q

the oblique popliteal is an expansion of what

A

semimembranosus

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23
Q

what is the function of the oblique popliteal ligament

A

reinforces posterior capsule

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24
Q

what is the arcuate ligament

A

thickening of capsule over popliteus

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25
Q

what is the function of the arcuate ligament

A

strengthens posterolateral joint capsule

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26
Q

describe the gross appearance of the medial (tibial) collateral ligament

A

strong, flat thickening of capsule that blends with capsule

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27
Q

what are the attachments of the medial collateral ligament

A

medial epicondyle of the femur to the medial condyle and superior medial surface of tibia
- also deep fibres attach to medial meniscus

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28
Q

what do the collateral ligaments prevent

A

side to side movement within the joint - abduction and adduction

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29
Q

which meniscus is more firmly attached to the tibial condyle

A

medial

30
Q

describe the gross appearance of the lateral (fibular) collateral ligament

A

strong and cord like and doesnt blend with capsule

31
Q

the lateral collateral ligament passes superficial to what tendon

A

popliteus

32
Q

the lateral collateral ligament causes what tendon to split

A

biceps femoris

33
Q

what are the attachments of the lateral collateral ligament

A

lateral epicondyle of femur to lateral head of fibula

34
Q

what is the function of the cruciate ligaments

A

maintain contact between femoral and tibial articular surfaces, particularly when knee is flexed

35
Q

how is medial rotation of the tibia limited to 10 degrees

A

PCL and ACL wind round eachother during this movement

36
Q

the PCL prevents the femur from sliding…

A

anteriorly on the tibia, particularly when the knee is flexed

37
Q

the ACL prevents the femur from sliding…

A

posteriorly on the tibia - preventing hyperextension of the knee

38
Q

the ACL also prevents … rotation of the femur when the foot is planetd

A

medial rotation

39
Q

are the cruciate ligaments intracapsular

A

yes - intracapsular but extrasynovial

40
Q

the cruciate ligaments are named based on what

A

attachment on intercondylar eminence i.e. ACL is more anterior on tibia and more posteriorly on femur

41
Q

why is there a greater degree of lateral rotation at the knee than medial rotation

A

during medial rotation the cruciates wind round eachother

42
Q

what are the attachments of the ACL

A

anterior intercondylar eminence to the medial side of the lateral condyle of the femur (goes posterolaterally)

43
Q

what are the 2 bands of the ACL

A

anteromedial and posterolateral

44
Q

the anteromedial band of the ACL limits

A

flexion

45
Q

the posterolateral band of the ACL limits

A

extension

46
Q

the ACL spirals through ___ degrees between tibia and femur

A

110

47
Q

what is the advantage of having 2 bands in the cruciate ligaments

A

ligament is in part taut in all positions

48
Q

what are the attachments of the PCL

A

posterior intercondylar eminence to the lateral side of the medial condyle of femur
(goes anteromedially)

49
Q

what are the two bands of the PCL

A

anterolateral and posteromedial

50
Q

the anterolateral band of the PCL limits

A

flexion

51
Q

the posteromedial band of the PCL limits

A

extension

52
Q

the PCL is closely aligned to what

A

centre of rotation of knee

53
Q

what does the alignment of the PCL with the centre of rotation of the knee mean for this ligament

A

it is the ligament that supports the weight of the body when knee is flexed

54
Q

what are the menisci made of

A

fibrocartilage

55
Q

what is the function of the menisci

A

deepen articular surface to maximise contact surface and shock absorption

56
Q

what shape is the medial meniscus

A

C shape

57
Q

what shape is the lateral meniscus

A

circular

58
Q

the medial meniscus is broad where

A

posteriorly

59
Q

the medial meniscus is firmly attached to what

A

medial collateral ligament

60
Q

is the lateral meniscus fixed

A

no, freely moveable

61
Q

the lateral meniscus provides attachment for what

A

popliteus

62
Q

what is the function of the MCL

A

prevent abduction

63
Q

when is the MCL most likely to be injured

A

lateral force injury

64
Q

if the foot is planted in a lateral force injury tearing the MCL what else will be damaged and what is this called

A

unhappy triad - MCL attached to medial meniscus so this tears and if it is a rotational force, the ACL will tear
- unhappy triad

65
Q

what are the proximal attachments of popliteus

A

starts within the joint capsule attached to lateral epicondyle of the femur and some fibres on lateral meniscus

66
Q

what does popliteus do during flexion

A

pulls lateral meniscus into a better position to accomodate the lateral femoral condyle

67
Q

what is the anastomosis around the knee called

A

periarticular genicular anastomosis

68
Q

what vessels contribute to the periarticular genicular anastomosis

A
  • 4 x genicular branches from popliteal artery
  • descending genicular artery from femoral artery
  • descending branch from lateral circumflex femoral artery
  • branches from the anterior tibial recurrent artery
  • can also have branch from posterior tibial recurrent
69
Q

what are the 5 genicular branches of the popliteal artery

A
  • middle which pierces joint capsule
  • superior and inferior medial
  • superior and inferior lateral
70
Q

where does the femoral artery run between

A

inguinal ligament to adductor hiatus

71
Q

what does the femoral artery become at the adductor hiatus

A

popliteal artery

72
Q

what does the popliteal artery terminate as

A

anterior and posterior tibial arteries

BMSC Regional Gross Anatomy 2 (36 decks)

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