The nose

Question 1

what are the external openings of the nose called

Answer 1

nares (singular naris) or nostrils

Question 2

what are the two small muscles of the nose

Answer 2

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi and nasalis

Question 3

what is the innervation of the small muscles of the nose

Answer 3

facial nerve CN VII

Question 4

what is septal cartilage

Answer 4

cartilage associated with the midline that helps to separate the nose into 2 nostrils

Question 5

what is alar cartilage

Answer 5

cartilage that helps to form the shape of the nostrils

Question 6

what is the external nose structure composed of

Answer 6

bone and cartilage

Question 7

what is the sensory supply of the bridge of the nose

Answer 7

ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 8

what is the sensory supply of the alae of the nose

Answer 8

maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve

Question 9

what branches of CN V1 supply the nose

Answer 9

infratrochlear and external nasal branch of anterior ethmoidal

Question 10

what branches of CNV2 supply the nose

Answer 10

nasal branches of infraorbital

Question 11

what branches of the ophthalmic artery supply the nose

Answer 11

anterior and posterior ethmoidal

Question 12

what branches of the maxillary artery supply the nose

Answer 12

sphenopalatine and greater palatine

Question 13

what branches of the facial artery supply the nose

Answer 13

superior labial and lateral nasal

Question 14

what are the bones of the nose in the septal region

Answer 14

vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid

Question 15

what bones are found at the most superior parts of the bridge of the nose

Answer 15

nasal bones

Question 16

the lateral wall of the nasal cavity has contributions from what bones

Answer 16

maxilla
sphenoid
ethmoid
small part of frontal

Question 17

what bone forms the concha

Answer 17

ethmoid bone forms the superior and middle concha

inferior concha is an individual bone

Question 18

describe the medial wall of the nasal cavity

Answer 18

septal wall that separates the nasal passage

Question 19

what forms the posterior part of the septum

Answer 19

flat piece of ethmoid bone called the perpendicular plate

Question 20

what bones contribute to the inferior part of the septum

Answer 20

vomer
nasal crest of palatine bone
nasal crest of maxilla

Question 21

what is the posterior part of the nasal cavity called

Answer 21

choanae

Question 22

what comes after the choanae

Answer 22

nasopharynx

Question 23

what opening is found in the nasopharynx

Answer 23

auditory tube (one each side)

Question 24

where does the auditory tube lead

Answer 24

nasopharynx to middle ear

Question 25

what is the function of the auditory tube

Answer 25

helps to equalise pressure on either side of the tympanic membrane

Question 26

the 3 folds on the each lateral wall of the nasal passage are called

Answer 26

conchae

Question 27

each conchae has a space under it called a

Answer 27

meatus

Question 28

describe the lining of the nasal cavity

Answer 28

respiratory epithelium which has cilia and produces mucous to trap any fine airborne particles to filter air - as air swirls in the nose it passes the olfactory cells in the roof of the nasal cavity facilitating the detection of odour particles

Question 29

what is the function of the concha

Answer 29

warm air filter air create turbulence

Question 30

what is the space above the superior concha called

Answer 30

sphenoethmoidal recess

Question 31

the sphenoethmoidal recess and each meatus is related to tiny holes/passages from where

Answer 31

paranasal sinuses

Question 32

what are the large spaces either side of the nose seen on CT

Answer 32

maxillary paranasal air sinuses

Question 33

the paranasal sinuses are mucous lined spaces within what bones

Answer 33

frontal maxillary ethmoid sphenoid

Question 34

what is the function of the paranasal sinuses

Answer 34

lighten skull | voice determination?/resonance

Question 35

describe each of the sinuses

Answer 35

frontal - may be 2 separate cavities or 1 large sinus sphenoid - one in body of sphenoid maxillary - one large either side ethmoid - series of small sacs (or air cells) instead of one large space

Question 36

where does the frontal sinus open into

Answer 36

middle meatus; ethmoidal infundibulum into semilunar hiatus

Question 37

where do the anterior and middle ethmoidal sinuses open into

Answer 37

middle meatus; infundibulum and directly

Question 38

where do the maxillary sinuses open into

Answer 38

middle meatus; maxillary ostium into semilunar hiatus

Question 39

where do the posterior ethmoidal sinuses drain

Answer 39

superior meatus direct

Question 40

where does the sphenoidal sinus drain

Answer 40

spheno-ethmoidal recess direct

Question 41

posterior ethmoidal air cells form what

Answer 41

bulge of the ethmoidal bulla

Question 42

the paranasal sinuses are supplied with sensory innervation from where

Answer 42

branches of trigeminal nerve

Question 43

each membrane lining of the sinuses can produce what

Answer 43

mucous

Question 44

why might mucous build up

Answer 44

if small channels to nose are blocked by inflammation

Question 45

what causes sinus pain

Answer 45

increase in pressure in sinus due to blockage of small channels to nose causing build up of mucous

Question 46

what is the semilunar hiatus

Answer 46

cresent shaped groove just inferior to ethmoidal bulla at middle meatus

Question 47

what supplies sensory innervation to the frontal sinus

Answer 47

supra-orbital nerve from CNV1

Question 48

what supplies sensory innervation to the sphenoidal sinus

Answer 48

posterior ethmoidal nerve from CNV1

Question 49

what supplies sensory innervation to the ethmoidal sinus

Answer 49

nasociliary nerve from CNV1

Question 50

what supplies innervation to the maxillary sinus

Answer 50

superior alveolar nerve (CN V2)

Question 51

branches from what arteries supply the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Answer 51

anterior and posterior ethmoidal from ophthalmic sphenopalatine and greater palatine from maxillary lateral nasal from facial

Question 52

what is the area of the medial wall of the nasal cavity where a large amount of branches of arteries anastomose

Answer 52

Kiesselbach's triangle

Question 53

what branches anastomose at Kiesselbach's triangle

Answer 53

``` septal branch of superior labial artery greater palatine artery sphenopalatine posterior ethmoidal anterior ethmoidal ```

Question 54

what nervous structure can be seen in the roof of the nasal cavity

Answer 54

olfactory bulb with communicating olfactory nerves

Question 55

what is the nerve supply of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

Answer 55

upper portion - CN V1 | lower portion - CN V2

Question 56

the upper nasal cavity is supplied by the anterior ethmoidal nerve which is a branch of ---- which comes from ----

Answer 56

nasociliary | CN V1

Question 57

what ganglion is found posteriorly in the nasal cavity

Answer 57

pterygopalatine ganglion

Question 58

what nerves supply the upper mouth / above teeth

Answer 58

posterior superior lateral nasal and inferior lateral nasal branches of the greater palatine nasopalatine lesser palatine

Question 59

the anterior superior alveolar nerve is a branch of what ---- which comes from ----

Answer 59

infraorbital nerve | CN V2

Question 60

the nostril area is supplied by what

Answer 60

internal nasal branch of infra-orbital nerve from CN V2

Question 61

the nasopalatine nerve is a branch of

Answer 61

CN V2

Question 62

the nasopalatine nerve goes through where to reach the mouth

Answer 62

incisive canal

Question 63

where do the nasal cavities drain blood

Answer 63

facial vein pterygoid venous plexus cavernous venous sinus

Question 64

how do processes from the olfactory nerve cells reach the olfactory bulbs and form olfactory tracts

Answer 64

they pass through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone