Muscles of mastication and ECA Flashcards
1
Q
what are the muscles of mastication
A
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
2
Q
what nerve innervates the muscles of mastication
A
mandibular division of the trigeminal (CN V3)
3
Q
what are the movements of the mandible
A
elevation depression protrusion retrusion lateral sliding
4
Q
what assists the muscles of mastication in depression of the mandible
A
gravity
supra-hyoid muscles
5
Q
what is the largest muscle of mastication
A
temporalis
6
Q
what muscle of mastication is covered by temporal fascia
A
temporalis
7
Q
what is the function of temporalis
A
elevate and retract mandible
8
Q
what fibres of temporalis allow elevation of the mandible (Close the mouth)
A
anterior and superior
9
Q
what fibres of temporalis allow retraction of mandible
A
posterior fibres
10
Q
where does temporalis sit
A
temporal fossa
11
Q
what are the attachments of temporalis
A
temporal fossa and fascia to coronoid process and anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
12
Q
what is the innervation of temporalis
A
deep temporal nerves (x2) from anterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (CNV3)
13
Q
what are the superficial muscles of mastication
A
temporalis and masseter
14
Q
what is the function of masseter
A
elevate mandible
15
Q
what crosses the anterior surface of masseter
A
parotid duct
16
Q
what is the innervation of masseter
A
masseteric nerve from anterior divisino of CNV3
17
Q
what are the attachments of masseter
A
zygomatic arch to the lateral aspect of the ramus of the mandible
18
Q
what are the deeper muscles of mastication
A
medial and lateral pterygoid
19
Q
where do the medial and lateral pterygoids lie
A
infratemporal fossa
20
Q
how many heads does lateral pterygoid have
A
2
21
Q
why is the lateral pterygoid called the lateral pterygoid
A
one head attaches to the lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
22
Q
what are the attachments of the upper head of the lateral pterygoid
A
infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
23
Q
what are the attachments of the lower head of lateral pterygoid
A
lateral surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
24
Q
what is the common attachment of both heads of the lateral pterygoid
A
neck of mandible and articular disc
25
what are the attachments of lateral pterygoid
upper head from infratemporal surface of greater wing of sphenoid
lower head from lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
insert into neck of mandible and articular disc
26
what is the action of lateral pterygoid
pulls neck of mandible forwards with articular disc (protrusion = both)
helps in lateral chewing movements with medial pterygoid (one side)
27
what is the innervation of lateral pterygoid
nerve to lateral pterygoid - anterior division of CN V3
28
why is the medial pterygoid called the medial pterygoid
named after the attachment point of its deep head - medial side of the lateral pterygoid plate
29
what is unusual about medial pterygoid
nerve supply is from the main trunk of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve before it bifurcates into anterior and posterior divisions - the other muscles of mastication are supplied by the anterior division
30
what are the attachments of the superficial head of the medial pterygoid
tubercle of maxilla
31
what are the attachments of the deep head of the medial pterygoid
medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
32
what is the common attachments of both heads of the medial pterygoid
medial surface of the angle of the mandible
33
lateral pterygoid is named after what head
lower head
34
medial pterygoid is named after what head
deep
35
what are the attachments of the medial pterygoid
superficial head from the tubercle of the maxilla
deep head from the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
insert into the medial surface of the angle of the mandible
36
what is the function of the medial pterygoid
assists in elevation
37
what is the innervation of the medial pterygoid
nerve to medial pterygoid from the main trunk of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve CN V3
38
what happens in elevation of the mandible
head of mandible and disc move backwards and head rotates on lower surface of disc
39
what muscles contribute to elevation of the mandible
temporalis, masseter, medial pterygoid
40
what happens in depression of the mandible
head of mandible rotates on undersurface of articular disc and mandible is pulled forward
41
what muscles contribute to depression of the mandible
```
lateral pterygoid
digastric
geniohyoid
mylohyoid
(gravity)
```
42
what happens in protrusion of the mandible
articular disc and head of mandible move forward - movement in upper part of cavity
43
what muscles contribute to protrusion of mandible
lateral pterygoid (assisted by medial pterygoid)
44
what happens in retrusion of mandible
articular disc and head of mandible pulled backward into mandibular fossa
45
what muscles contribute to retrusion of mandible
posterior fibres of temporalis
46
what happens in lateral chewing
protrusion and retrusion combined
47
what muscles contribute to lateral chewing
pterygoids
48
what are the 3 main divisions of the trigeminal nerve CN V
ophthalmic V1, maxillary V2, mandibular V3
49
the ophthalmic and maxillary divisions of the trigeminal nerve are purely
sensory
50
the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve carries
motor and sensory
51
the mandibular division of the the trigeminal nerve passes through the ____ and does what
the mandibular division of the the trigeminal nerve passes through the foramen ovale; sensory and motor root unite after passing through the foramen ovale and then divides into branches
52
which division of the mandibular division of the the trigeminal nerve is larger
posterior is larger
53
what are the branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
meningeal branch
nerve to medial pterygoid
anterior division
posterior division
54
the nerve to the medial pterygoid supplies what
nerves to tensor tympani and tensor veli palatini
55
the anterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve supplies sensory innervation to what
buccal area - skin of cheek and mucous membrane of mouth
56
the anterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve supplies motor to what
masseteric nerve (masseter)
nerve to lateral pterygoid
x2 deep temporal nerves (temporalis)
57
what are the branches of the posterior division of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
auriculotemporal nerve
lingual nerve
inferior alveolar nerve
mylohyoid nerve
58
what does the auriculotemporal nerve supply
sensory innervation to scalp, auricle, tympanic membrane, TMJ, external auditory meatus
59
the auriculotemporal nerve supplies sensory innervation to what
scalp, auricle, tympanic membrane, TMJ, external auditory meatus
60
the lingual nerve supplies sensory innervation to
mucous membrane of floor of mouth and anterior 2/3 of tongue
61
the inferior alveolar nerve supplies sensory innervation to what
lower teeth and skin
62
the mylohyoid nerve supplies motor to
mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric
63
part of what nerve passes through the otic ganglion but doesnt synpase, passes to tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani
part of nerve to medial pterygoid
64
what nerve carries post-ganglionic parasympathetic fibres from the otic ganglion to the parotid gland
auriculotemporal nerve - fibres originate in CN IX
65
the lingual nerve is joined by
chorda tympani
66
how do parasympathetic fibres get from the facial nerve to the submandibular ganglion and sublingual glands
chorda tympani joins lingual nerve from CN V3
67
what does the chorda tympani carry
parasympathetic fibres from the facial nerve to the submandibular (ganglion) and sublingual glands
68
what nerve is responsible for taste from anterior 2/3 of tongue
chorda tympani from facial nerve carried by lingual nerve
69
what branches does the ECA form
anterior
posterior
deep
terminal
70
what are the terminal branches of the ECA
maxillary and superficial temporal
71
where does the ECA form its terminal branches
behind neck of mandible
72
where does the common carotid split into external and internal
upper border of thyroid lamina
73
what are the posterior branches of the ECA
occipital artery
posterior auricular
ascending pharyngeal ('deep')
74
where does the occipital artery come from
posterior branch of ECA close to origin of facial artery
75
the occipital artery is crossed by what
hypoglossal nerve
76
the occipital artery passes under what to reach where
posterior belly of digastric to enter posterior triangle
77
what does the occipital artery supply
back of the scalp
78
where does the posterior auricular artery arise
level of upper border of belly of digastric
79
what does the posterior auricular artery supply
scalp
80
where does the ascending pharyngeal artery arise
'deep surface' of ECA
81
the ascending pharyngeal artery ascends between what
internal carotid and pharynx
82
what does the ascending pharyngeal artery supply
branches to pharynx
83
what are the anterior branches of the ECA
superior thyroid
lingual
facial
84
where does the superior thyroid artery arise
near origin
85
what does the superior thyroid artery run with
external laryngeal nerve
86
what branches does the superior thyroid artery give off
branch to SCM and superior laryngeal artery
87
where does the lingual artery arise
opposite tip of greater cornu of hyoid bone
88
lingual artery passes deep to
hyoglossus
89
the lingual artery is crossed by what
hypoglossal nerve
90
what does the lingual artery supply
oral cavity
91
where does the facial artery arise
above tip of greater cornu
92
the facial artery passes deep to
posterior belly of digastric
93
what branches does the facial artery give off
superior and inferior labial branches and angular artery to face
94
anterior branches of the ECA supply what
thyroid gland, structures in the oral cavity and soft tissues of the face
95
posterior branches of the ECA supply what
scalp
| - deep branch contributes to supply of pharynx
96
where does the ECA end and as what
ends in the parotid gland as the superficial temporal artery and the maxillary artery
97
the superficial temporal artery supplies
lateral side of the face and scalp
98
the maxillary artery lies where
infratemporal fossa
99
the maxillary artery forms branches that supply
structures in the ear, nose, mouth, pharynx and meninges
100
which is larger; superficial temporal or maxillary
maxillary
101
where does the superficial temporal artery ascend
infront of the auricle
102
the superficial temporal artery divides into what and supplies what
anterior and posterior branches
| supplies skin over frontal and temporal regions
103
the transverse facial artery is a branch of what
superficial temporal
104
the maxillary artery arises where
behind neck of mandible
105
the maxillary artery provides branches to what
muscles of mastication, tympanic membrane, upper and lower teeth, palate, nasal cavity, nasopharynx and meninges
