External and middle ear

Question 1

most of the ear is found in what bone

Answer 1

petrous part of the temporal bone

Question 2

what forms the boundary between the external and middle ear

Answer 2

tympanic membrane

Question 3

what is the external ear (outer)

Answer 3

auricle, external auditory meatus, external surface of the tympanic membrane

Question 4

what is the middle ear

Answer 4

internal surface of the tympanic membrane, tympanic cavity, ossicles, pharyngotympanic tube

Question 5

what is the internal ear

Answer 5

auditory apparatus, vestibular apparatus, internal auditory meatus, vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), oval window, round window

Question 6

what vessel and nerve are anterior to the external ear

Answer 6

superficial temporal vessels and auriculotemporal nerve

Question 7

the middle ear is related to what artery

Answer 7

ICA

Question 8

the internal ear is surrounded by bone between which 2 cranial fossae

Answer 8

between middle and posterior cranial fossae

Question 9

what brain lobes sit superior to the internal structures of the ear

Answer 9

temporal lobes of the brain

Question 10

the internal acoustic meatus carries what 2 nerves

Answer 10

facial and vestibulocochlear

Question 11

what is the function of the auricle

Answer 11

catch sound waves and funnel them towards the EAM

Question 12

some people can wiggle their ears - what nerve innervates the muscles that control this

Answer 12

facial nerve

Question 13

what are the 2 parts of the concha of the ear

Answer 13

cymba - superior, infront of anti-helix

cavity - behind tragus, inferior

Question 14

what is the ear made of

Answer 14

elastic cartilage

Question 15

where does lymph from the auricle drain

Answer 15

parotid and cervical lymph nodes

Question 16

the auricle is supplied by branches of what blood vessel

Answer 16

external carotid artery

Question 17

what branches of the ECA supply the auricle

Answer 17

posterior and anterior auricular and perforating branches

- blood drains to corresponding veins and into the external and internal jugular veins

Question 18

what supplies innervation to the face anterior to the auricle

Answer 18

auriculotemporal nerve from CN V3

Question 19

what supplies innervation to the cavity of the concha of the auricle

Answer 19

CN IX and CN X

Question 20

what supplies innervation to the border of the auricle (lobe, helix) and skin of head behind the auricle

Answer 20

lesser occipital and great auricular nerves (cervical plexus)

Question 21

what supplies innervation to the inner parts of the auricle (not the concha, bits around that) and the skin on posterior aspect of auricle

Answer 21

CN VII

Question 22

where does the external auditory meatus run from

Answer 22

opening in the auricle into the petrous temporal bone to end at the tympanic membrane

Question 23

the lateral 1/3 of the EAM is made of what

Answer 23

elastic cartilage, hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands

Question 24

what are the medial 2/3 of the EAM made of

Answer 24

bone lined with stratified squamous epithelium

Question 25

blood supply to the EAM is from

Answer 25

ECA - auricular

Question 26

what supplies innervation to the EAM

Answer 26

mainly auriculo-temporal from CN V3 but also auricular branches from CN VII and CN X

Question 27

what 3 cranial nerves supply innervation to the EAM

Answer 27

CN V3 CN VII CN X

Question 28

what ossicle attaches to the tympanic membrane

Answer 28

malleus

Question 29

how is sound transmitted from a wave to a physical movement

Answer 29

sound waves move the tympanic membrane which moves the malleus in the middle ear

Question 30

what is the lining of the outer tympanic membrane

Answer 30

stratified squamous epithelium

Question 31

what is the inner lining of the tympanic membrane

Answer 31

mucous membrane

Question 32

what nerve runs along the medial surface of the tympanic membrane

Answer 32

chorda tympani

Question 33

what nerve supplies innervation to the lateral surface of the tympanic membrane

Answer 33

auriculotemporal nerve CN V3 and auricular branch of vagus

Question 34

what nerve supplies innervation to the medial surface of the middle ear

Answer 34

tympanic branches of glossopharyngeal CN IX

Question 35

the medial surface of the tympanic membrane bulges into a space inside the petrous temporal bone called what

Answer 35

tympanic cavity

Question 36

the tympanic cavity houses what

Answer 36

ossicles

Question 37

the ossicles link the tympanic membrane to what

Answer 37

oval window of the inner ear

Question 38

what ossicle sits on the tympanic membrane

Answer 38

handle of the malleus

Question 39

the malleus articulates with what bone

Answer 39

incus bone

Question 40

the incus bone articulates with what bone

Answer 40

stapes

Question 41

what are the ossicles in order

Answer 41

malleus, incus, stapes

Question 42

what joints lie between the ossicles

Answer 42

plane synovial

Question 43

what sits on the oval window

Answer 43

footplate/base of the stapes

Question 44

what are the other names of the ossicles

Answer 44

lateral to medial - hammer, anvil and stirrup

Question 45

what artery, vein and nerve come in close association with the middle ear

Answer 45

internal carotid artery internal jugular vein facial nerve

Question 46

what does the aditus of the middle ear communicates with what

Answer 46

mastoid air cells

Question 47

what is the function of tensor tympani

Answer 47

tense tympanic membrane

Question 48

what is the innervation of tensor tympani

Answer 48

CN V3

Question 49

what are the origin and insertion of tensor tympani

Answer 49

wall of auditory tube to handle of malleus

Question 50

what is the action of stapedius

Answer 50

pull footplate of stapes laterally

Question 51

what is the innervation of stapedius

Answer 51

facial nerve CN VII

Question 52

what is the origin and insertion of stapedius

Answer 52

pyramid of middle ear and neck of stapes

Question 53

what is the combined action of the stapedius and tensor tympani

Answer 53

reduce vibration passing to delicate inner ear

Question 54

what is the sensory nerve supply to the tympanic cavity including medial surface of the tympanic membrane

Answer 54

CN IX

Question 55

what is the blood supply to the middle ear

Answer 55

tympanic branches of posterior auricular, ascending pharyngeal and maxillary arteries - also caroticotympanic from internal carotid

Question 56

what is the pyramid of the middle ear

Answer 56

small bulge of bone

Question 57

the facial nerve enters the temporal bone via

Answer 57

the IAM

Question 58

the facial nerve enters the temporal bone via the IAM, travels through the petrous temporal bone unit it exits the skull via

Answer 58

stylomastoid foramen

Question 59

after exiting the skull via the stylomastoid foramen, the facial nerve enters what

Answer 59

parotid gland

Question 60

as the facial nerve passes through the temporal bone, it gives off several branches e.g. the greater petrosal nerve which passes to form what

Answer 60

to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal

Question 61

the greater petrosal nerve which passes to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal along with what

Answer 61

with the deep petrosal nerve from the carotid plexus

Question 62

the nerve of the pterygoid canal supplies what

Answer 62

parasympathetic secretomotor fibres to the lacrimal gland and small glands of the nose and palate

Question 63

what are 2 more branches, as well as the greater petrosal nerve, from the facial nerve

Answer 63

nerve to stapedius | chorda tympani

Question 64

what nerve branches from the facial nerve to cross the medial surface of the tympanic membrane and handle of malleus

Answer 64

chorda tympani

Question 65

the chorda tympani branches from the facial nerve to cross where

Answer 65

cross the medial surface of the tympanic membrane and handle of malleus

Question 66

the chorda tympani leaves the tympanic cavity via what

Answer 66

petrotympanic fissure

Question 67

what nerve passes through the petrotympanic fissure

Answer 67

chorda tympani

Question 68

the chorda tympani joins what

Answer 68

lingual nerve from CN V3

Question 69

what does the chorda tympani supply

Answer 69

parasympathetic secretomotor to the sublingual and submandibular salivary glands and special taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 70

what supplies special taste to the anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Answer 70

chorda tympani via lingual nerve

Question 71

where does chorda tympani join the lingual nerve

Answer 71

infratemporal fossa

Question 72

what does the auditory tube connect

Answer 72

nasopharynx with the tympanic cavity

Question 73

describe the lateral auditory tube

Answer 73

bony canal lined with mucosa

Question 74

describe the medial auditory tube

Answer 74

cartilaginous and membranous

Question 75

the auditory tube is normally closed, how does it open

Answer 75

tensor veli palatini contracts the lumen opens

Question 76

in what scenarios might tensor veli palatini contract

Answer 76

swallow | yawn

Question 77

what is the function of the auditory tube

Answer 77

equalises pressure on both sides of the tympanic membrane

Question 78

sensory innervation to the auditory tube

Answer 78

sensory via CN IX

Question 79

where does the auditory tube pass from specifically

Answer 79

lateral wall of the nasopharynx to open into middle ear

Question 80

what does the cartilage in the medial auditory tube allow attachment for

Answer 80

salpingopharyngeus | tensor and levator veli palatini

Question 81

what happens if the pressure on each side of the tympanic membrane is unequal

Answer 81

tympanic membrane cant vibrate freely, so an accurate transmission of sound cannot be passed into the inner ear

Question 82

the middle ear is supplied by what

Answer 82

branches of both the external and internal carotid arteries

Question 83

the anterior tympanic artery is a branch of what

Answer 83

1st part of maxillary artery

Question 84

the middle ear receives contributions from what arteries

Answer 84

- ascending pharyngeal - middle meningeal - posterior auricular - artery of pterygoid canal - caroticotympanic branch

Question 85

the ascending pharyngeal artery gives what branch to the middle ear

Answer 85

inferior tympanic

Question 86

the middle meningeal artery gives what branch to the middle ear

Answer 86

superior tympanic

Question 87

the posterior auricular artery gives what branch to the middle ear

Answer 87

stylomastoid | posterior tympanic

Question 88

caroticotympanic branch is a branch of what

Answer 88

ICA