Male pelvic contents and anal triangle Flashcards
what is the vas deferens
smooth muscle tube that transports sperm from the testis to the ejaculatory duct and so into the urethra
describe the path of the vas deferens to the pelvis
passes in the spermatic cord through the superficial inguinal ring, along the inguinal canal and through the deep inguinal ring into the pelvis
describe the path of the vas deferens in the pelvis
crosses the lateral wall of the pelvis to descend towards the seminal vesicles at the posterior surface of the bladder
how is the ejaculatory duct formed
vas deferens joins with a duct from the seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct within the prostate gland
the sperm from the vas deferens receives what from the seminal vesicle and prostate gland
fluid
the sperm will receive fluid from the seminal vesicle and prostate gland and will also receive what
secretions from the bulbourethral glands in the deep perineal pouch
what might the vas deferens be confused with in dissection
ureter - both smooth muscle tubes passing towards the bladder
describe the path of the ureter in the pelvis
passes into the pelvis from the abdomen and crosses the bifurcation of the common iliac vessels before descending towards the base of the bladder
the ureter crosses the bifurcation of what
common iliac vessels
the vas deferens crosses the lateral wall of the pelvis over what vessels to descend towards the seminal vesicles
over the external iliac vessels
describe the structure of the seminal vesicles
appear to be small lumpy structures but are actually highly coiled tubes - long tube similar to the vas deferens but coiled around itself and held together wrapped in connective tissue
where do the seminal vesicles lie
posterior to the bladder in males
what is the function of the seminal vesicles
secrete fluid to increase the liquid component of semen and also support sperm
give an example of a component of the seminal fluid
fructose - acts as a source of energy for the sperm
the distal end of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles are supplied by what arteries
branches of anterior division of internal iliac artery - inferior vesical and prostatic arteries
the prostatic artery is a branch of
inferior vesical artery
the inferior vesical arteries also supply the
bladder and distal part of the ureters in a male
where is the prostate gland located
sits between the bladder and the pelvic floor - inferior to bladder
describe the prostate gland
small walnut sized structure
what does the prostate gland add to sperm
fluid to increase liquid component of semen and helps to support sperm - proteolytic enzymes and acid phosphatase
why is the prostatic fluid alkaline
helps to neutralise acid environment of vagina
the prostate gland is often described as what
5 incompletely divided lobes
the prostate gland is surrounded by
capsule of connective tissue
the capsule of connective tissue surrounding the prostate gland contains what
venous plexus that drains blood towards the internal iliac veins
the prostatic venous plexus also has many communications with what
communications with vertebral veins
what is the significance of the communication of the prostatic venous plexus and the vertebral veins
mets of prostatic carcinoma can go to the lower vertebral column
the prostate gland receives what ducts
ejaculatory ducts and has the urethra passing through
the prostate gland is supplied by what arteries
internal pudendal
middle rectal
inferior vesical
what veins drain the prostate gland
veins - deep dorsal of penis - plexus - internal iliac
what supports the prostate gland
puboprostatic ligament and muscles of pelvic floor
what part of the pelvic floor mainly supports the prostate gland
pubococcygeus (part of levator ani) forms a muscular support called puboprostaticus or levatore prostatae
benign enlargement of the prostate gland usually affects what lobe
all
how can changes to the prostate gland be detected
PR exam
why are urine infections increased in prostatic hypertrophy
if the urethra is compressed or distorted small pouches can form in the bladder in which urine sits
lymph from the testes drains where
aortic nodes at root of testicular artery @ L2
the skin of the penis and wall of scrotum drain lymph where
superficial inguinal nodes
much of the lymph from the lower parts of the bladder, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and erectile tissues of the penis passes where
lymph nodes clustered around the internal iliac artery
distal parts of the penis will drain lymph where
deep inguinal nodes
what are the crura
erectile tissues that form the corpora carvernosa of the penis
what is the fat-filled space either side of the anal canal called
ischioanal fossa (ishiorectal fossa)
what is the anal triangle
area found in males and females in the perineum
what are the lines of the anal triangle
imaginary line between the ischial tuberosities (base of the triangle) and the coccyx (apex of the triangle)
when does the rectum become the anal canal
as it pierves the pelvic floor in the anal triangle (tip of coccyx)
what is the opposing triangle to the anal triangle
urogenital triangle
what are the spaces either side of the rectum called
ischiorectal (ischioanal) fossae
what forms the walls of the ischioanal fossa
ischial tuberosity, rectum/anal canal
what forms the roof of the ischioanal fossa
levator ani (pelvic diaphragm)
what forms the floor of the ischioanal fossa
skin
what are the contents of the ischioanal fossa
branches of the pudendal nerve, artery, vein and adipose tissue
the anal canal is surrounded by the
external anal sphincter
what supplies the external anal sphincter
branch of the pudendal nerve - the inferior rectal nerve
the wall of the rectum and anal canal is supplied by what artery
inferior rectal artery
the inferior rectal artery is a branch of what
internal pudendal artery
what is the function of the fat that is the main component of the ischioanal fossa
supports the neurovascular structures and allows expansion of anal canal during expulsion of faeces
the perineal nerve is a branch of what
pudendal nerve
where does the perineal nerve pass
close to ischial tuberosity
the perineal nerve passes close to the ischial tuberosity accompanied by
internal pudendal artery
what structures cross the ischioanal fossa towards the external anal sphincter
inferior rectal vessels and nerves
the small internal folds of the anal canal are called
anal columns
the anal columns contain
tiny branches of the superior rectal vessels
what controls involuntary internal anal sphincter
wall of anal canal
what controls the voluntary control of defaecation
skeletal muscle that surrounds the opening of the anal canal - the external anal sphincter
the rectum becomes the anal canal when
it pierces the pelvic floor
the EAS is
skeletal muscle
the IAS is
smooth muscle
the anal columns contain
a terminal radicle of the superior rectal vessels, anal sinus related
the EAS wraps around the opening of the anal canal by passing between what
anococcygeal ligament and the perineal body
what is the perineal body
small, dense structure composed of connective tissue that lies at the edge of the urogenital diaphragm
what is the function of the perineal body
provides attachment to muscles of the perineum in addition to the EAS
the IAS is under what control
involuntary - opens as rectum fills
the EAS is under what control
voluntary - via the pudendal nerve (S2-4) inferior rectal branch
what aids the EAS
puborectalis
what is puborectalis
part of pelvis floor muscles that aids the EAS by bending the rectum to slow the passage of faeces and help maintain continence
innervation of the EAS
pudendal nerve (S2-4) inferior rectal branch
the EAS is divided into what by connective tissue
deep, superficial and subcutaneous parts
what forms an internal venous rectal plexus superficial to the IAS
inferior rectal vein
what is the pectinate line
line at the base of the anal columns that is an important landmark for the end of the visceral (internal) part of the digestive tract and the start of the parietal (body wall) structures
what is the anocutaneous line
aka white line
transition to true skin
describe the blood supply of the rectum
superior rectal artery from IMA
middle rectal arteries from internal iliac
inferior rectal arteries from internal pudendal
what artery supplies the wall of the anal canal
inferior rectal arteries
what arteries lie within the anal columns
end of the superior rectal arteries lie within the anal columns on the internal surface of the canal
above the pectinate line what is the innervation
visceral motor (mixed sympathetic and para-sympathetic) and sensory innervation
above the pectinate line what is the blood supply
inferior mesenteric artery
above the pectinate line what is the venous drainage
to portal venous system
above the pectinate line what is the lymphatic drainage
to internal iliac lymph nodes
below the pectinate line what is the nerve supply
somatic motor and sensroy innervation
below the pectinate line what is the blood supply
from internal iliac artery
below the pectinate line what is the venous drainage
to caval venous system
below the pectinate line what is the lymphatic drainage
to superficial inguinal lymph nodes
what happens at the pectinate line
separation of visceral and parietal
