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BMSC Regional Gross Anatomy 2 > Male pelvic contents and anal triangle > Flashcards

Male pelvic contents and anal triangle Flashcards

1
Q

what is the vas deferens

A

smooth muscle tube that transports sperm from the testis to the ejaculatory duct and so into the urethra

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2
Q

describe the path of the vas deferens to the pelvis

A

passes in the spermatic cord through the superficial inguinal ring, along the inguinal canal and through the deep inguinal ring into the pelvis

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3
Q

describe the path of the vas deferens in the pelvis

A

crosses the lateral wall of the pelvis to descend towards the seminal vesicles at the posterior surface of the bladder

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4
Q

how is the ejaculatory duct formed

A

vas deferens joins with a duct from the seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct within the prostate gland

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5
Q

the sperm from the vas deferens receives what from the seminal vesicle and prostate gland

A

fluid

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6
Q

the sperm will receive fluid from the seminal vesicle and prostate gland and will also receive what

A

secretions from the bulbourethral glands in the deep perineal pouch

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7
Q

what might the vas deferens be confused with in dissection

A

ureter - both smooth muscle tubes passing towards the bladder

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8
Q

describe the path of the ureter in the pelvis

A

passes into the pelvis from the abdomen and crosses the bifurcation of the common iliac vessels before descending towards the base of the bladder

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9
Q

the ureter crosses the bifurcation of what

A

common iliac vessels

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10
Q

the vas deferens crosses the lateral wall of the pelvis over what vessels to descend towards the seminal vesicles

A

over the external iliac vessels

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11
Q

describe the structure of the seminal vesicles

A

appear to be small lumpy structures but are actually highly coiled tubes - long tube similar to the vas deferens but coiled around itself and held together wrapped in connective tissue

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12
Q

where do the seminal vesicles lie

A

posterior to the bladder in males

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13
Q

what is the function of the seminal vesicles

A

secrete fluid to increase the liquid component of semen and also support sperm

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14
Q

give an example of a component of the seminal fluid

A

fructose - acts as a source of energy for the sperm

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15
Q

the distal end of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicles are supplied by what arteries

A

branches of anterior division of internal iliac artery - inferior vesical and prostatic arteries

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16
Q

the prostatic artery is a branch of

A

inferior vesical artery

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17
Q

the inferior vesical arteries also supply the

A

bladder and distal part of the ureters in a male

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18
Q

where is the prostate gland located

A

sits between the bladder and the pelvic floor - inferior to bladder

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19
Q

describe the prostate gland

A

small walnut sized structure

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20
Q

what does the prostate gland add to sperm

A

fluid to increase liquid component of semen and helps to support sperm - proteolytic enzymes and acid phosphatase

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21
Q

why is the prostatic fluid alkaline

A

helps to neutralise acid environment of vagina

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22
Q

the prostate gland is often described as what

A

5 incompletely divided lobes

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23
Q

the prostate gland is surrounded by

A

capsule of connective tissue

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24
Q

the capsule of connective tissue surrounding the prostate gland contains what

A

venous plexus that drains blood towards the internal iliac veins

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25
the prostatic venous plexus also has many communications with what
communications with vertebral veins
26
what is the significance of the communication of the prostatic venous plexus and the vertebral veins
mets of prostatic carcinoma can go to the lower vertebral column
27
the prostate gland receives what ducts
ejaculatory ducts and has the urethra passing through
28
the prostate gland is supplied by what arteries
internal pudendal middle rectal inferior vesical
29
what veins drain the prostate gland
veins - deep dorsal of penis - plexus - internal iliac
30
what supports the prostate gland
puboprostatic ligament and muscles of pelvic floor
31
what part of the pelvic floor mainly supports the prostate gland
pubococcygeus (part of levator ani) forms a muscular support called puboprostaticus or levatore prostatae
32
benign enlargement of the prostate gland usually affects what lobe
all
33
how can changes to the prostate gland be detected
PR exam
34
why are urine infections increased in prostatic hypertrophy
if the urethra is compressed or distorted small pouches can form in the bladder in which urine sits
35
lymph from the testes drains where
aortic nodes at root of testicular artery @ L2
36
the skin of the penis and wall of scrotum drain lymph where
superficial inguinal nodes
37
much of the lymph from the lower parts of the bladder, seminal vesicles, prostate gland and erectile tissues of the penis passes where
lymph nodes clustered around the internal iliac artery
38
distal parts of the penis will drain lymph where
deep inguinal nodes
39
what are the crura
erectile tissues that form the corpora carvernosa of the penis
40
what is the fat-filled space either side of the anal canal called
ischioanal fossa (ishiorectal fossa)
41
what is the anal triangle
area found in males and females in the perineum
42
what are the lines of the anal triangle
imaginary line between the ischial tuberosities (base of the triangle) and the coccyx (apex of the triangle)
43
when does the rectum become the anal canal
as it pierves the pelvic floor in the anal triangle (tip of coccyx)
44
what is the opposing triangle to the anal triangle
urogenital triangle
45
what are the spaces either side of the rectum called
ischiorectal (ischioanal) fossae
46
what forms the walls of the ischioanal fossa
ischial tuberosity, rectum/anal canal
47
what forms the roof of the ischioanal fossa
levator ani (pelvic diaphragm)
48
what forms the floor of the ischioanal fossa
skin
49
what are the contents of the ischioanal fossa
branches of the pudendal nerve, artery, vein and adipose tissue
50
the anal canal is surrounded by the
external anal sphincter
51
what supplies the external anal sphincter
branch of the pudendal nerve - the inferior rectal nerve
52
the wall of the rectum and anal canal is supplied by what artery
inferior rectal artery
53
the inferior rectal artery is a branch of what
internal pudendal artery
54
what is the function of the fat that is the main component of the ischioanal fossa
supports the neurovascular structures and allows expansion of anal canal during expulsion of faeces
55
the perineal nerve is a branch of what
pudendal nerve
56
where does the perineal nerve pass
close to ischial tuberosity
57
the perineal nerve passes close to the ischial tuberosity accompanied by
internal pudendal artery
58
what structures cross the ischioanal fossa towards the external anal sphincter
inferior rectal vessels and nerves
59
the small internal folds of the anal canal are called
anal columns
60
the anal columns contain
tiny branches of the superior rectal vessels
61
what controls involuntary internal anal sphincter
wall of anal canal
62
what controls the voluntary control of defaecation
skeletal muscle that surrounds the opening of the anal canal - the external anal sphincter
63
the rectum becomes the anal canal when
it pierces the pelvic floor
64
the EAS is
skeletal muscle
65
the IAS is
smooth muscle
66
the anal columns contain
a terminal radicle of the superior rectal vessels, anal sinus related
67
the EAS wraps around the opening of the anal canal by passing between what
anococcygeal ligament and the perineal body
68
what is the perineal body
small, dense structure composed of connective tissue that lies at the edge of the urogenital diaphragm
69
what is the function of the perineal body
provides attachment to muscles of the perineum in addition to the EAS
70
the IAS is under what control
involuntary - opens as rectum fills
71
the EAS is under what control
voluntary - via the pudendal nerve (S2-4) inferior rectal branch
72
what aids the EAS
puborectalis
73
what is puborectalis
part of pelvis floor muscles that aids the EAS by bending the rectum to slow the passage of faeces and help maintain continence
74
innervation of the EAS
pudendal nerve (S2-4) inferior rectal branch
75
the EAS is divided into what by connective tissue
deep, superficial and subcutaneous parts
76
what forms an internal venous rectal plexus superficial to the IAS
inferior rectal vein
77
what is the pectinate line
line at the base of the anal columns that is an important landmark for the end of the visceral (internal) part of the digestive tract and the start of the parietal (body wall) structures
78
what is the anocutaneous line
aka white line | transition to true skin
79
describe the blood supply of the rectum
superior rectal artery from IMA middle rectal arteries from internal iliac inferior rectal arteries from internal pudendal
80
what artery supplies the wall of the anal canal
inferior rectal arteries
81
what arteries lie within the anal columns
end of the superior rectal arteries lie within the anal columns on the internal surface of the canal
82
above the pectinate line what is the innervation
visceral motor (mixed sympathetic and para-sympathetic) and sensory innervation
83
above the pectinate line what is the blood supply
inferior mesenteric artery
84
above the pectinate line what is the venous drainage
to portal venous system
85
above the pectinate line what is the lymphatic drainage
to internal iliac lymph nodes
86
below the pectinate line what is the nerve supply
somatic motor and sensroy innervation
87
below the pectinate line what is the blood supply
from internal iliac artery
88
below the pectinate line what is the venous drainage
to caval venous system
89
below the pectinate line what is the lymphatic drainage
to superficial inguinal lymph nodes
90
what happens at the pectinate line
separation of visceral and parietal

BMSC Regional Gross Anatomy 2 (36 decks)

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